Fig. 3. Diagram of various workflows using AI-CAD for mammography interpretation.

Before applying AI-CAD to mammography interpretation, the following aspects should be considered: A. The impact of AI-CAD differs depending on whether the radiologists are exposed to the analytic results, i.e., sequential reading, wherein the AI-CAD result is provided after the radiologist has reached a conclusion vs. independent reading, wherein the AI-CAD result is provided with the mammography images before the radiologist has reached a conclusive interpretation. B. The impact of AI-CAD also differs according to the reading environment, i.e., single reading vs. double reading, wherein AI-CAD may not only assist radiologists, but even has the potential to replace a second reader or serve as a final consultant in cases where a consensus among multiple readers is required. C. If AI-CAD can be considered for stand-alone reading, its analytic results can be used for workload triage such that examinations with ‘negative’ results on AI-CAD will not be interpreted by radiologists. AI = artificial intelligence, CAD = computer-aided detection/diagnosis