Table 2.

Cellular micro ribonucleic acids deregulated during human immunodeficiency virus infection

Sample type	miRNAs deregulated	Ref.
PBMCs from HIV-infected patients	↑ miR-9; ↓ miR-29c, miR-31, miR-125b, miR-146b-5p, miR-150, Let-7g	[181]
T cells from HIV-infected individuals	↓ miR-16, miR-146b, miR-150, miR-223	[182]
HIV-1 infected PBMCs	↑ miR-223; ↓ miR-21, miR-26a, miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-155	[183]
HIV-1 infected PBMCs	↑ miR-3195, miR-3656, miR-4492, and miR-6087; ↓ miR-1273h-3p, miR-1273h-5p, miR-671-5p, and miR-7-5p	[118]
HIV-2-infected PBMCs	↑ miR-18a-3p and hsa-miR-320b	[118]
HIV-2-infected MDMs	↑ miR-542-3p, miR-375, miR-195-5p, miR-30c-2-3p, miR-4802-3p, and miR-26b-5p	[118]
HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected MDMs	↓ miR-148b-5p, hsa-miR-26a-2-3p, miR-199a-1, miR-199a-2, and miR-874-5p	[118]
HIV-1-transfected HeLa cells	↓ miR-16, miR-93, miR-148b, miR-221	[184]
HIV-1 infected Jurkat cells.	↑ miR-122, miR-297, miR-370, and miR-373; ↓ miR-17-5p and miR-20a	[185]
latently infected CD4+ T cells	↑ miR-196b and miR-1290	[186]
PBMCs obtained from HIV-1 positive individuals with high viral load	↑ miR19b, miR-34a, miR-144, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-382, miR-615-3p	[187]
Plasma obtained from patients with HIV infection	↓ miR-3162-3p	[188]
HIV-1-infected HUT78 cells and CD4+ T cells from chronic HIV-1 infected individuals	↓ Let-7 miRs	[189]
HIV-1 positive plasma samples in the acute stage infection	↑ miR-16-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-206, miR-223-3p, miR-885-5p, and let-7 g-3p; ↓ miR-34c-3p, miR-181c-3p, miR-202-3p, and miR-409-3p	[190]
HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells	↓ miR-20a and miR-106b	[191]

↑: Upregulation; ↓: Downregulation; miRNAs: Micro ribonucleic acid; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency virus; PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; MDM: Monocyte-derived macrophages.