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. 2021 Jul 26;13(7):795–824. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.795

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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Regulatory mechanism of programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 signaling in cancer. The interaction between programmed death-1 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) leads to the inhibition of T cell functional activation. PD-L1 expression in cancer cells is regulated by aberrant oncogenic pathways. PD-1: Programmed death-1; PD-L1: Programmed death ligand 1; TCR: T cell receptor; ITSM: Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif; ITIM: Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif; IRF: Interferon regulatory factor.