Table 3.
Reported effects of leadership
| Category | Positive effect | Application of | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Effects of leadership on health-care employees | Positive effect on job satisfaction and low turn-over | Relational leadership styles | Cummings et al. (2010), Donoghue and Castle (2009), Havig et al. (2011) and Nielsen et al. (2009) |
| Task-oriented leadership | Havig et al. (2011) | ||
| “Strong and effective leadership” | Jeon et al. (2010) | ||
| Positive effect on (for example) a higher organizational commitment | Relational leadership styles | Cummings et al. (2010), Donoghue and Castle (2009), Lundgren et al. (2016) and Nielsen et al. (2009) | |
| “Strong and effective leadership” | Jeon et al. (2010) | ||
| Positive effect on health and well-being (including appreciation (equality) | Relational leadership styles | Astala et al. (2017), Cummings et al. (2010), Keisu et al. (2018), Nielsen et al. (2008, 2009) and Nielsen and Munir (2009) | |
| Positive effect on the work culture and the psychosocial climate | Relational leadership styles | Backman et al. (2016, 2018), Cummings et al. (2014, 2010), Lundgren et al. (2016) and Nielsen et al. (2008, 2010) | |
| Positive effect on productivity/effectiveness | Relational leadership styles | Buljac-Samardzic and van Woerkom (2015) and Cummings et al. (2010) | |
| “Strong and effective leadership” | Jeon et al. (2010) | ||
| Positive effect on empowerment/growth and development opportunities | Relational leadership styles | Cummings et al. (2014, 2010), Lundgren et al. (2016) and Nielsen et al. (2008) | |
| Effects of leadership on quality of care | Positive effect on the quality of care | Task-oriented leadership combined with relational leadership styles | Jennings et al. (2011) |
| Relational leadership styles | Castle and Decker (2011), Harvath et al. (2008), McKinney et al. (2016) and Westerberg and Tafvelin (2014) | ||
| Task-oriented leadership | Havig et al. (2011) | ||
| “Strong and effective leadership” | Jeon et al. (2010) | ||
| Studied, but no effects reported | Jeon et al. (2015), Marotta (2010), Olinger (2010) and Westerberg and Tafvelin (2014) | ||
| Effects of leadership on quality of life | Positive effect on the quality of life | Relational leadership styles | McKinney et al. (2016) |
| Effects of leadership on person-centered care | Positive effect on person-centeredness of care | Leadership behavior in general | Backman et al. (2016), Brodtkorb et al. (2019) and Lynch et al. (2011) |
| Effects on innovation processes | Positive effect on innovation processes | Relation leadership styles | Brodtkorb et al. (2019) |