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. 2021 Jul 13;23(7):e26063. doi: 10.2196/26063

Table 2.

Measurement model: descriptive statistics, reliability, and convergent validity.

Constructsa and items Value, mean (SD) Skewnessb Kurtosisb Reliability Convergent validity




Cronbach α Composite reliability Factor loadings AVEc
Performance expectancy .87 0.87
0.70

I find the [xx]d app useful in my daily life 5.54 (1.41) −1.07 0.88

0.84

Using the [xx] app helps me accomplish things 5.43 (1.38) −1.02 0.98

0.86

Using the [xx] app increases my physical activity levels 5.50 (1.35) −1.05 1.08

0.80
Effort expectancy .89 0.89
0.68

Learning how to use the [xx] app is easy to me 6.02 (1.11) −1.41 2.52
0.84

My interaction with the [xx] app is clear and understandable 6.01 (1.09) −1.4 2.62

0.84

I find the [xx] app easy to use 6.05 (1.09) −1.48 2.64

0.86

It is easy for me to become skillful at using the [xx] app 5.90 (1.12) −1.27 2.13

0.77
Social influence .94 0.94
0.83

People who are important to me think that I should use the [xx] app 4.30 (1.70) −0.26 −0.56

0.87

People who influence my behavior think that I should use the [xx] app 4.24 (1.73) −0.25 −0.64

0.92

People whose opinions that I value prefer that I use the [xx] app 4.23 (1.72) −0.29 −0.60

0.94
Facilitating conditions .77 0.78
0.54

I have the resources necessary to use the [xx] app 6.08 (1.11) −1.54 3.03

0.83

I have the knowledge necessary to use the [xx] app 6.18 (1.05) −1.53 2.87

0.83

The [xx] app is compatible with other technologies I use 5.80 (1.29) −1.24 1.61

0.57
Hedonic motivation .91 0.91
0.78

Using the [xx] app is fun 5.07 (1.42) −0.66 0.27

0.93

Using the [xx] app is enjoyable 5.24 (1.40) −0.80 0.50

0.91

Using the [xx] app is very entertaining 4.71 (1.58) −0.48 −0.32

0.82
Price value .90 0.91
0.76

The [xx] app is reasonably priced 6.28 (1.13) −1.7 2.59

0.81

The [xx] app is a good value for the money 6.21 (1.14) −1.5 1.85

0.93

At the current price, the [xx] app provides a good value 5.23 (1.15) −1.72 2.98

0.88
Habit .80 0.84
0.66

The use of the [xx] app has become a habit to me 5.34 (1.67) −1.04 0.33

0.54

I am addicted to using the [xx] app 3.65 (1.96) 0.09 −1.25

0.87

I must use the [xx] app 3.84 (1.98) −0.05 −1.24

0.90
BIe .89 0.89
0.73

I intend to continue using the [xx] app in the future 5.77 (1.37) −1.41 2.02

0.83

I will always try to use the [xx] app in my daily life 5.22 (1.55) −0.92 0.37

0.85

I plan to continue to use the [xx] app frequently 5.61 (1.45) −1.27 1.46

0.89
MOf .85 0.85
0.65

How important to you are app features that motivate you to be physically active? 5.13 (1.54) −0.88 0.31

0.83

How important are app features that help you to increase your physical activity levels? 5.38 (1.42) −1.04 0.88

0.82

How important to you are app features that remind you to be physically active? 5.11 (1.63) −0.87 0.17

0.77
EDg .90 0.90
0.74

How important to you are app features that educate yourself about how to exercise best? 5.01 (1.62) −0.77 −0.11

0.86

How important to you are app features that tell you how things work when exercising? 4.87 (1.61) −0.66 −0.30

0.85

How important to you are app features that help you do the right things when exercising? 5.11 (1.58) −0.81 0.12

0.87
GAh .84 0.84
0.63

How important to you are app features to enjoy yourself while exercising? 5.20 (1.55) −0.88 0.30

0.86

How important to you are app features that gamify the exercise experience? 4.62 (1.83) −0.51 −0.74

0.68

How important to you are app features that make the exercise experience joyful? 5.16 (1.52) −0.93 0.47

0.88
PAi N/Aj N/A
N/A

Intentions of being physically active during the next 4 weeks (METk min/week) 4589 (3137) 1.13 1.66

1

Intentions of being physically active during the next 4 weeks (1-7 rating scale) 6.07 (1.05) −1.17 1.68

1
EXPl

When did you download a fitness app for the first time? (months ago) 30.07 (25.76) 1.39 2.62 N/A N/A 1 N/A

aModel fit was satisfactory: χ2564=2112.2; χ2/df=3.8; comparative fit index=0.93; Tucker-Lewis index=0.91; root mean square error of approximation=0.06; and standardized root mean square residual=0.07.

bThe criteria for skewness (absolute value <2) and kurtosis (absolute value <7) were fulfilled for a sample size greater than 300 (ie, N=839), indicating normality of the univariate distribution [63].

cAVE: average variance extracted.

d[xx] refers to the brand name of the specified fitness app.

eBI: behavioral intentions to use the fitness app.

fMO: motivation-related app features.

gED: education-related app features.

hGA: gamification-related app features.

iPA: Intentions of being physically active. The intentions were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (metabolic equivalent of task min/week) and a single-item 7-point rating scale. The reported measurement model is based on the first measure.

jN/A: not applicable.

kMET: metabolic equivalent of task.

lEXP: user experience with fitness apps.