Table 1.

Key factors influencing choice of vector control intervention(s) during humanitarian emergencies

Key factors	Subfactors
Malaria epidemiology	Level of endemicity; local transmission dynamics and stability; circulating Plasmodium species and proportions of coinfection; level of drug resistance; asymptomatic infections
Human population composition and behaviour	Population origin and size; displacement dynamics and mobility; level of prior malaria exposure; proportion of vulnerable individuals (eg, pregnant women, children and the elderly); age and sex distributions; sleeping location and night-time behaviour; knowledge of malaria; education; healthcare and treatment seeking behaviour; prevalence of comorbidities (eg, malnutrition, anaemia, HIV); gender mobility and work practices
Vector species distribution and behaviour	Local vector species composition; vector seasonality; host preference (anthropophillic/zoophillic); feeding time and location (early/late biting and indoor/outdoor biting); resting location (indoor/outdoor resting); level of insecticide resistance; flight range; breeding site preference
Emergency setting and infrastructure	Type of shelter or housing available (eg, ad-hoc refuse materials, plastic sheeting, tents, more permanent housing); road access and condition; camp or community organisation and layout; prior and present vector control interventions or programmes; timing of rainy seasons; potential to impact other vector-borne diseases (such as in areas of sympatric leishmaniasis) and nuisance insects (eg, lice, fleas, ticks, biting flies, bed bugs)