Table 3.

The association between PCPs’ perceived patients’ trust, clinical practicing characteristics and conflicting patient and employer interests

	Perceived trust in clinical competence (0=seldom and sometimes; 1=often and always) OR (95% CI)	Worries about unnecessary medicine (0=seldom and sometimes; 1=often and always) OR (95% CI)	Worries about unnecessary test (0=seldom and sometimes; 1=often and always) OR (95% CI)
Clinical practicing characteristics
Emotional support (continuous)	1.23 (1.06 to 1.42)**	0.94 (0.83 to 1.06)	0.97 (0.86 to 1.09)
Diagnosis and treatment (continuous)	1.35 (1.17 to 1.55)***	1.20 (1.08 to 1.34)***	1.22 (1.10 to 1.35)***
Explanation and elaboration (continuous)	1.17 (0.90 to 1.53)	1.00 (0.81 to 1.23)	0.90 (0.74 to 1.10)
Conflicting patient and employer interests (continuous)	0.83 (0.64 to 1.07)	1.35 (1.12 to 1.63)**	1.29 (1.07 to 1.54)**
Certified general practitioner status
No	1	1	1
Yes	2.01 (1.14 to 3.55)*	0.96 (0.61 to 1.51)	0.94 (0.60 to 1.45)
Practice year
0–10	1	1	1
11–20	1.30 (0.69 to 2.42)	0.69 (0.43 to 1.12)	0.69 (0.43 to 1.10)
≥21	1.38 (0.71 to 2.71)	0.54 (0.32 to 0.90)*	0.56 (0.34 to 0.93)*
Gender
Man	1	1	1
Woman	0.86 (0.51 to 1.42)	0.75 (0.51 to 1.11)	0.84 (0.58 to 1.22)
Economic status of location
Less developed	1	1	1
Developed	0.89 (0.54 to 1.45)	1.32 (0.89 to 1.94)	1.13 (0.78 to 1.64)
Education
Postsecondary or less	1	1	1
University or higher	0.92 (0.54 to 1.56)	0.77 (0.51 to 1.16)	0.94 (0.62 to 1.42)
Income level (US$)
≤11 814	1	1	1
>11 814	1.29 (0.78 to 2.13)	0.68 (0.46 to 1.01)	0.82 (0.56 to 1.20)

*P<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

PCPs, primary care physicians.