Table 2.

Outcome of the cRCT: PrEP/ART linkage rate

A: Primary outcome: intention to treat analysis among women aged 18–24
	Number of clients linked	Geometric mean linkage per peer navigator month of working (/pnm)	Rate ratio (95% CI)	P value*	K†
Incentivise peer navigation	26	0.54	0.68 (0.28 to 1.66)	0.40‡	0.69
Peer navigation direct	45	0.80			1.01
Incentivise peer navigation	26	0.54	0.64 (0.26 to 1.62)	0.30§	0.69
Standard of care	49	0.85			0.96
Peer navigation direct	45	0.80	0.95 (0.38 to 2.36)	0.90¶	1.01
Standard of care	49	0.85			0.96

B: Primary outcome: per protocol analysis of linkage among women aged 18–24, accounting for difference in hours spent distributing referral packs by arm
	Number of clients linked	Geometric mean linkage per 100 hours of peer navigator (/100pnh)	Rate ratio (95% CI)	P value*	K†
Incentivise peer navigation	26	0.40	1.93 (0.95 to 3.89)	0.07	1.31
Peer navigation direct	45	0.21			0.20
Incentivise peer navigation	26	0.40	1.66 (0.75 to 3.69)	0.19	1.31
Standard of care	49	0.24			0.66
Peer navigation direct	45	0.21	0.86 (0.43 to 1.74)	0.66	0.20
Standard of care	49	0.24			0.66

C: Linkage rate among men and women aged 18–30 per peer navigator month of work (ITT)
	Number of clients linked	Geometric mean linkage rate (/pnm)	Rate ratio	P value*	K†
Incentivise peer navigation	50	0.88	0.42 (0.18 to 0.98)	0.04	0.74
Peer navigation direct	111	2.11			0.62
Incentivise peer navigation	50	0.88	0.42 (0.18 to 1.02)	0.06	0.74
Standard of care	111	2.07			0.59
Peer navigation direct	111	2.11	1.02 (0.52 to 2.01)	0.95	0.62
Standard of care	111	2.07			0.59

D: Linkage rate among all men and women aged 18–30 per 100 referral packs distributed
	Number of clients linked	Geometric mean linkage rate (/100 referrals)	Rate ratio	P value*	K†
Incentivise peer navigation	50	3.23	0.44 (0.21 to 0.92)	0.03	0.76
Peer navigation direct	111	7.36			0.60
Incentivise peer navigation	50	3.23	0.34 (0.14 to 0.78)	0.01	0.76
Standard of care	111	9.62			0.95
Peer navigation direct	111	7.36	0.76 (0.35 to 1.68	0.48	0.60
Standard of care	111	9.62			0.95

*P-values calculated from a t-test with a pairwise comparison of the log-transformed cluster-level means.³⁹

†k=intercluster coefficient of variation.

‡Permutation p value 0.33.

§Permutation p value 0.28.

¶Permutation p value 0.89.

ART, antiretroviral therapy; cRCT, cluster-randomised controlled trial; ITT, intention-to-treat; PrEP, pre-exposure prophylaxis.