Table 1.
Patient characteristics by neuromuscular blockade agent reversal method
| Overall | Neostigmine | Sugammadex | Spontaneous reversal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 4,263,658 | % | N = 2,333,762 | % | N = 528,736 | % | N = 1,401,160 | % | |
| Patient characteristics | ||||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 58.2 (16.56) | 57.6 (16.62) | 59.0 (16.49) | 58.8 (16.45) | ||||
| Age range | ||||||||
| 18–30 | 313,904 | 7.4 | 177,437 | 7.6 | 35,484 | 6.71 | 100,983 | 7.21 |
| 31–40 | 395,318 | 9.3 | 230,396 | 9.87 | 47,538 | 8.99 | 117,384 | 8.38 |
| 41–50 | 575,850 | 13.5 | 333,542 | 14.29 | 68,052 | 12.87 | 174,256 | 12.44 |
| 51–60 | 887,726 | 20.8 | 483,335 | 20.71 | 107,014 | 20.24 | 297,377 | 21.22 |
| 61–70 | 1,044,013 | 24.5 | 557,963 | 23.91 | 132,193 | 25 | 353,857 | 25.25 |
| 71–80 | 722,225 | 16.9 | 381,183 | 16.33 | 94,477 | 17.87 | 246,565 | 17.6 |
| 80+ | 324,622 | 7.6 | 169,906 | 7.28 | 43,978 | 8.32 | 110,738 | 7.9 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 2,357,026 | 55.3 | 1,355,626 | 58.09 | 296,475 | 56.07 | 704,925 | 50.31 |
| Male | 1,904,508 | 44.7 | 976,841 | 41.86 | 232,246 | 43.92 | 695,421 | 49.63 |
| Unknown | 2124 | 0.0 | 1295 | 0.06 | 15 | 0 | 814 | 0.06 |
| Race | ||||||||
| Black | 429,017 | 10.1 | 249,730 | 10.7 | 49,128 | 9.29 | 130,159 | 9.29 |
| Other/missing | 490,011 | 11.5 | 271,645 | 11.64 | 49,350 | 9.34 | 168,996 | 12.06 |
| White | 3,344,650 | 78.4 | 1,812,387 | 77.66 | 430,258 | 81.37 | 1,102,005 | 78.65 |
| Hispanic | ||||||||
| No/missing | 3,965,095 | 93.0 | 2,175,836 | 93.23 | 482,687 | 91.29 | 1,306,572 | 93.25 |
| Yes | 298,563 | 7.0 | 157,926 | 6.77 | 46,049 | 8.71 | 94,588 | 6.75 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Comorbidities ≥ 1 | 3,351,656 | 78.6 | 1,778,152 | 76.19 | 424,106 | 80.21 | 1,149,398 | 82.03 |
| Blood loss anemia | 47,309 | 1.1 | 26,302 | 1.13 | 5484 | 1.04 | 15,523 | 1.11 |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 721,439 | 16.9 | 321,049 | 13.76 | 79,570 | 15.05 | 320,820 | 22.9 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 811,014 | 19.0 | 411,185 | 17.62 | 102,611 | 19.41 | 297,218 | 21.21 |
| Coagulopathy | 121,667 | 2.9 | 44,892 | 1.92 | 7826 | 1.48 | 68,949 | 4.92 |
| Congestive heart failure | 260,761 | 6.1 | 95,724 | 4.1 | 31,380 | 5.93 | 133,657 | 9.54 |
| Diabetes (complicated) | 247,869 | 5.8 | 104,993 | 4.5 | 39,644 | 7.5 | 103,232 | 7.37 |
| Diabetes (uncomplicated) | 642,395 | 15.1 | 347,480 | 14.89 | 71,145 | 13.46 | 223,770 | 15.97 |
| Drug abuse | 170,018 | 4.0 | 68,709 | 2.94 | 17,878 | 3.38 | 83,431 | 5.95 |
| Fluid/electrolyte disorders | 847,306 | 19.9 | 366,604 | 15.71 | 90,698 | 17.15 | 390,004 | 27.83 |
| Hypertension (complicated) | 151,208 | 3.5 | 50,959 | 2.18 | 29,217 | 5.53 | 71,032 | 5.07 |
| Obesity, overweight | 935,581 | 21.9 | 526,920 | 22.58 | 130,645 | 24.71 | 278,016 | 19.84 |
| Other neurological disorders | 323,607 | 7.6 | 115,946 | 4.97 | 33,177 | 6.27 | 174,484 | 12.45 |
| Paralysis | 86,863 | 2.0 | 35,261 | 1.51 | 10,629 | 2.01 | 40,973 | 2.92 |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 310,192 | 7.3 | 149,854 | 6.42 | 39,733 | 7.51 | 120,605 | 8.61 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 99,480 | 2.3 | 36,869 | 1.58 | 9863 | 1.87 | 52,748 | 3.76 |
| Solid tumor without metastasis | 424,701 | 10.0 | 247,446 | 10.6 | 70,514 | 13.34 | 106,741 | 7.62 |
| Sleep apnea | 353,738 | 8.3 | 188,859 | 8.09 | 49,207 | 9.31 | 115,672 | 8.26 |
| Valvular disease | 255,501 | 6.0 | 98,767 | 4.23 | 24,490 | 4.63 | 132,244 | 9.44 |
| Weight loss | 214,827 | 5.0 | 95,734 | 4.1 | 27,496 | 5.2 | 91,597 | 6.54 |
| Procedure characteristics | ||||||||
| ICD-10 PCS classification | ||||||||
| Cardiovascular | 520,482 | 12.2 | 187,575 | 8.04 | 49,689 | 9.4 | 283,218 | 20.21 |
| Digestive | 1,213,034 | 28.5 | 815,072 | 34.93 | 173,702 | 32.85 | 224,260 | 16.01 |
| Endocrine | 21,251 | 0.5 | 10,896 | 0.47 | 2460 | 0.47 | 7895 | 0.56 |
| ENT | 27,517 | 0.6 | 11,273 | 0.48 | 3750 | 0.71 | 12,494 | 0.89 |
| Eye | 2838 | 0.1 | 1381 | 0.06 | 483 | 0.09 | 974 | 0.07 |
| Female genital | 230,611 | 5.4 | 161,418 | 6.92 | 25,996 | 4.92 | 43,197 | 3.08 |
| Integumentary, hemic, and lymphatic | 146,206 | 3.4 | 71,769 | 3.08 | 19,750 | 3.74 | 54,687 | 3.9 |
| Respiratory | 158,834 | 3.7 | 82,171 | 3.52 | 25,691 | 4.86 | 50,972 | 3.64 |
| Musculoskeletal and nervous | 1,530,397 | 35.9 | 837,597 | 35.89 | 189,484 | 35.84 | 503,316 | 35.92 |
| Urinary and male genital | 172,583 | 4.0 | 107,229 | 4.59 | 24,563 | 4.65 | 40,791 | 2.91 |
| Others/unknown/missing | 239,905 | 5.6 | 47,381 | 2.03 | 13,168 | 2.49 | 179,356 | 12.8 |
| Site characteristics | ||||||||
| Teaching | ||||||||
| No | 2,138,450 | 50.2 | 1,173,622 | 50.29 | 253,138 | 47.88 | 711,690 | 50.79 |
| Yes | 2,125,208 | 49.8 | 1,160,140 | 49.71 | 275,598 | 52.12 | 689,470 | 49.21 |
| Urban, rural | ||||||||
| Rural | 425,823 | 10.0 | 218,987 | 9.38 | 54,250 | 10.26 | 152,586 | 10.89 |
| Urban | 3,837,835 | 90.0 | 2,114,775 | 90.62 | 474,486 | 89.74 | 1,248,574 | 89.11 |
| Bed size | ||||||||
| 0–99 | 167,959 | 3.9 | 94,217 | 4.04 | 17,581 | 3.33 | 56,161 | 4.01 |
| 100–199 | 482,414 | 11.3 | 279,131 | 11.96 | 55,991 | 10.59 | 147,292 | 10.51 |
| 200–299 | 650,669 | 15.3 | 380,053 | 16.28 | 53,510 | 10.12 | 217,106 | 15.49 |
| 300–399 | 687,451 | 16.1 | 369,556 | 15.84 | 93,105 | 17.61 | 224,790 | 16.04 |
| 400–499 | 620,399 | 14.6 | 351,214 | 15.05 | 67,742 | 12.81 | 201,443 | 14.38 |
| 500+ | 1,654,766 | 38.8 | 859,591 | 36.83 | 240,807 | 45.54 | 554,368 | 39.56 |
| Census region | ||||||||
| Midwest | 950,357 | 22.3 | 510,908 | 21.89 | 154,854 | 29.29 | 284,595 | 20.31 |
| Northeast | 526,340 | 12.3 | 318,398 | 13.64 | 51,340 | 9.71 | 156,602 | 11.18 |
| South | 2,034,434 | 47.7 | 1,132,230 | 48.52 | 239,772 | 45.35 | 662,432 | 47.28 |
| West | 752,527 | 17.6 | 372,226 | 15.95 | 82,770 | 15.65 | 297,531 | 21.23 |
ICD PCS International Classification of Disease Procedure Classification, ENT ear, nose, throat procedures