Table 5.

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis of Depression Scores during the COVID19 Pandemic

	n (%)	B (95% CI)	Standardized Beta	t-value	p-value
(Constant)		0.320 (0.255 to 0.385)		9.652	< 0.001
Gender = Female	1953 (64.40)	0.062 (0.041 to 0.083)	0.081	5.814	< 0.001
Age (years)		−0.001 (−0.002 to 0.000)	−0.041	−2.896	0.004
Had contact with suspected or confirmed a COVID-19 case = Yes/Unsure	967 (31.89)	0.033 (0.012 to 0.054)	0.043	3.128	0.002
History of depressive disorders = Yes	317 (10.46)	0.094 (0.060 to 0.127)	0.078	5.525	< 0.001
History of trauma and stress-related disorders = Yes	36 (1.19)	0.061 (−0.028 to 0.151)	0.018	1.340	0.180
History of sleep disorders = Yes	95 (3.13)	−0.083 (− 0.140 to − 0.026)	−0.040	−2.863	0.004
Believes anosmia is a COVID-19 symptom = Yes	1045 (34.47)	0.027 (0.007 to 0.048)	0.035	2.621	0.009
Believes wearing medical gloves prevents the spread of COVID-19 = Yes	1562 (51.52)	− 0.023 (− 0.042 to − 0.003)	−0.031	−2.230	0.026
Believes using tissues when sneezing prevents the spread of COVID-19 = Yes	2594 (85.55)	−0.017 (− 0.045 to 0.011)	−0.016	−1.180	0.238
Believes there is a treatment for COVID-19 = No	1765 (58.21)	0.021 (0.001 to 0.040)	0.028	2.062	0.039
Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)		0.017 (0.015 to 0.019)	0.288	17.936	< 0.001
Intolerance of Uncertainty Scores (IUS)		0.010 (0.008 to 0.011)	0.274	16.818	< 0.001
Problem-based coping composite score (Brief COPE)		−0.039 (−0.047 to − 0.030)	−0.140	−9.267	< 0.001
Emotion-based coping composite score (Brief COPE)		0.100 (0.087 to 0.114)	0.247	14.502	< 0.001

Dependent Variable: Log₁₀ (DASS-21 Depression Subscale Scores + 2), Model statistical significance: F (14, 3016) = 189.14, p < 0.001, R² = 0. 684, R²Adjusted = 0.465