Figure 2.

SpvC inhibits the formation of autophagosomes in host cells during Salmonella Typhimurium infection. (A) J774A.1 cells were infected with STM-WT, STM-ΔspvC or STM-ΔspvC/pspvC at an MOI of 10 after being pretreated with Bafilomycin A1. Cell lysates were analysed by western blot with specific antibodies to LC3 and the control GAPDH at 2 hpi. n = 3. (B, C) HeLa cells stability expressing mRFP-GFP-LC3 were used to establish an infection model. (B) LC3 puncta were visualized at 2 hpi by CLSM. Cell nucleus were labeled by Hoechst. (C) Punctate LC3 dots were measured by Image J. Number of punctate dots was enumerated in at least 100 cells. Scale bar, 5 µm. Data were compared by ANOVA. Values are expressed as the means ± S.D. and statistically significant differences are indicated. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.