Figure 5.

Evidence of high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan domestic donkeys

A: By comparing the genomes of Tibetan donkey populations and others, the genic region exhibited significantly higher F_ST values than the intergenic region. Statistical significance was calculated by Mann-Whitney U test. B: Population differentiation was more pronounced in non-synonymous SNPs than other types of SNPs. Statistical significance was calculated by chi-square test. C: A pattern of excess genic SNPs with high F_ST values (>0.4) between Tibetan domestic donkeys and lowland donkeys was found when constraining analyses to SNPs presenting similar minor allele frequencies (MAF). Statistical significance was calculated by chi-square test. D: Landscape ofF_ST, Pi (nucleotide diversity), and LSBL values corroborates strong positive selection on EGLN1 gene. –log10 transformed FDR P-values are presented.