TABLE 2.

Drugs identified for PD treatment in zebrafish models.

Compound	Classification	Model	Effects on phenotype	Behavioral method	Molecular mechanism	References
Trifluoperazine	Piperazine phenothiazine	Rotenone and PINK1-Tg	Protect dopaminergic neurons and mitochondrial function	Touch-evoked escape response, 2 dpf	Stimulate transcription factor EB nuclear translocation and enhance autophagy	Zhang et al. (2017)
Ruthenium red	MCU inhibitor	PINK1-Y431*-Tg	Prevent dopaminergic neuronal cell loss	Not applicable	Normalize mitochondrial function	Soman et al. (2017)
l-deprenyl	MAO-B inhibitor	MPTP	Protect dopaminergic neurons	Not applicable	Not applicable	McKinley et al. (2005)
Minocycline	Tetracycline analog	6-OHDA	Prevent locomotor deficits and neuronal loss	Light-dark test, 5 dpf	Not applicable	Cronin and Grealy, (2017)
Rasagiline	MAO-B inhibitor	6-OHDA	Prevent the locomotor deficits and neuronal loss	Light-dark test, 5 dpf	Not applicable	Cronin and Grealy, (2017)
Melatonin	Methoxy indole	MPTP	Improve motor activity	Locomotion test, 5 dpf	Restore the parkin/Pink1/DJ-1/MUL1 network	Díaz-Casado et al. (2016)
Rifampicin	Macrocyclic antibiotic	Rotenone	Improves neuroinflammation and mitochondrial function	Swimming behavior calculated by number of lines crossed, 6 months	Anti-inflammatory	Yurtsever et al. (2020)
LP17	Blocker of TREM-1	6-OHDA	Improve locomotion; partially protect dopaminergic neurons	Swimming behavior calculated by moving height, 5 dpf	Activate autophagy and anti-inflammatory	Feng et al. (2019)
CsAE	C. siliqua	6-OHDA	Improve cognitive function	Novel tank diving test, 7 days; Y-maze test, 8 days	Antioxidant and anti-AChE activities	Abidar et al. (2020)
Rosmarinic acid	Natural product	MPTP	Protect dopaminergic neurons and improve locomotor behavior	Locomotion test, 5 dpf	Attenuate the increases of ROS via regulation of the DJ-1/Akt/Nrf2 signaling	Zhao et al. (2020)
Fucoxanthin	Marine carotenoid	6-OHDA	Improve the locomotion	Locomotion test, 7 dpf	Decrease ROS levels via regulation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling	Wu et al. (2021)
Naringenin	Flavanone	6-OHDA	Improve the locomotion	Locomotion test, 7 dpf	Regulate the expression of parkinsonian genes	Kesh et al. (2021a)
Theacrine	Purine alkaloid	MPTP	Retrieve dopaminergic neurons loss; improve locomotive activity	Touch-evoked escape response, 5 dpf	Activate SIRT3	Duan et al. (2020)
Hesperidin	Flavanone glycoside	6-OHDA	Improve locomotion	Locomotion test, 7 dpf	Downregulate lrrk2, gsk3β, casp3 and casp9	Kesh et al. (2021b)
EuO	Eucommia ulmoides Oliver	MPTP	Retrieve the loss of dopaminergic neurons and improve locomotion	Locomotion test, 7 dpf	Activate autophagy and contribute to α-syn degradation	Chen et al. (2020)
Hexane	S. mombin	Rotenone	Restore anxiety behavior	Novel tank test; light-dark test, 1 month	Prevent oxidative stress	Santo et al. (2021)