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. 2021 Jul 14;15:680214. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.680214

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Copyright © 2021 Carthy and Ellender.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Released modulators from mast cells, microglia and astrocytes can impact on developing neurons in the brain. Image created with BioRender.com. BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor; CX3CL, CX3C chemokine ligand 1; CX3CL, CX3C chemokine receptor; GDNF, glial derived neurotrophic factor; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IL, interleukin; NGF, nerve growth factor; NO, nitric oxide; NT3, neurotensin 3; TLR, toll like receptor; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.