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. 2021 Jul 27;9:19. doi: 10.1186/s40352-021-00146-6

Table 1.

Self-reported mental health status by offender group

Total Sample
(n = 2114)
ChildSO
(n = 77)
AdultSO
(n = 160)
PolySO
(n = 43)
Violent
(n = 1269)
Non-sexual non-violent
(n = 552)
X2 p (Φ/ ΦC)
Sample members (%) 3.7% 7.6% 2.0% 60.4% 26.3%
Any mental health problem
 0 No 61.4% 48.7% 66.2% 60.5% 56.6% 73.2% 51.942*** <.001 (.16)
 1 Yes 38.6% 51.3% 33.8% 39.5% 43.5% 26.8%
ADD/ADHD
 0 No 93.9% 92.1% 94.7% 100% 92.2% 97.4% 20.919*** <.001 (.10)
 1 Yes 6.1% 7.9% 5.3% 0 7.8% 2.6%
Anxiety
 0 No 88.3% 84.2% 88.8% 88.4% 86.8% 82.3% 12.474* .014 (.08)
 1 Yes 11.7% 15.8% 11.2% 11.6% 13.2% 7.7%
Depression
 0 No 70.3% 56.9% 68.1% 77.8% 69.9% 73.4$ 7.052 1.33 (.07)
 1 Yes 29.7% 43.1% 31.9% 22.2% 30.1% 26.6%
Manic-depression
 0 No 93.9% 94.1% 94.5% 97.2% 92.7% 97.0% 8.322+ .080 (.08)
 1 Yes 6.1% 5.9% 5.5% 2.8% 7.3% 3.0%
Personality disorder
 0 No 95.3% 94.7% 94.7% 97.7% 94.1% 97.9% 12.832* .012 (.01)
 1 Yes 4.7% 5.3% 5.3% 2.3% 5.9% 2.1%
Post-traumatic stress disorder
 0 No 98.9% 98.7% 98.7% 100% 99.0% 98.6% 1.163 .884 (.02)
 1 Yes 1.1% 1.3% 1.3% 0 1.0% 1.4%
Schizophrenia
 0 No 92.5% 88.2% 92,3% 100% 90.8% 97.7% 19.774** .001 (.12)
 1 Yes 7.5% 11.8% 7.7% 0 9.2% 2.3%
Previous admission to psychiatric facility a
 0 No 81.8% 80.6% 72.5% 81.0% 82.2% 84.1% 4.938 .294 (.08)
 1 Yes 18.2% 19.4% 27.5% 19.0% 17.8% 15.9%
Prescribed psychiatric medication
 0 No 86.9% 84.0% 86.4% 85.7% 84.6% 92.7% 21.621*** <.001 (.10)
 1 Yes 13.1% 16.0% 13.6% 14.3% 15.4% 7.3%
Psychological or counselling treatment
 0 No 66.9% 0.0% 67.4% 60.0% 66.8% 70.4% 8.349+ .080 (.08)
 1 Yes 33.1% 50.0% 32.6% 40.0% 33.2% 29.6%
Ever thought about suicide
 0 No 65.5% 61.3% 61.2% 54.8% 64.0% 71.7% 14.066** .007 (.08)
 1 Yes 34.5% 38.7% 38.8% 45.2% 36.0% 28.3%
Suicidal thoughts increased since entering prison
 0 No 76.3% 66.7% 75.9% 63.6% 79.0% 71.5% 13.750+ .089 (.15)
 1 Yes 23.7% 33.3% 24.1% 36.4% 21.0% 28.5%

The information in this table is based the self-reported survey data. The sample size in this table reflect the number of participants who were able to be coded on each item. Some responses could not be coded because of the amount and quality of the information. The sample sizes ranged from ChildSOs: 31–77; AdultSOs: 69–160; PolySOs: 21–43; Violent: 523–1269; Non-sexual non-violent offenders: 232–552

a Data from 1996 and 2001 surveys

+p < .10, * p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001