Table 2.
Patient Demographics and OHCA Characteristics
| Total | Madrid Criteria | San Carlos, Madrid Criteria | Maastricht Criteria | Paris Criteria | p-value†† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Best-case | Worst-case | Best-case | Worst-case | |||||
| n = 12,546 | n = 1202 | n = 660 | n = 2460 | n = 1987 | n = 648 | n = 544 | ||
| Patient Demographics | ||||||||
| Mean age in years (SD) | 65.2 (18.5) | 48.5 (9.0) | 43.5 (9.8) | 49.6 (12.8) | 50.1 (11.8) | 42.4 (9.2) | 43.3 (8.6) | – |
| Male (%) | 8125 (64.8) | 975 (81.1) | 526 (79.7) | 1940 (78.9) | 1653 (83.2) | 563 (86.9) | 494 (90.8) | <.05 |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||||||
| Chinese | 8492 (67.7) | 627 (52.2) | 333 (50.5) | 1327 (53.9) | 1050 (52.9) | 323 (49.8) | 279 (51.3) | <.05 |
| Malay | 1961 (15.6) | 276 (23.0) | 150 (22.7) | 540 (22.0) | 430 (21.6) | 112 (17.3) | 86 (15.8) |
<.05 (excl. Paris) |
| Indian | 1358 (10.8) | 181 (15.0) | 99 (15.0) | 370 (15.0) | 320 (16.1) | 116 (17.9) | 98 (18.0) | <.05 |
| Others | 735 (5.9) | 118 (9.8) | 78 (11.8) | 223 (9.1) | 187 (9.4) | 97 (15.0) | 81 (14.9) | – |
| Presence of comorbidities precluding organ donation† (%) | 8335 (66.4) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| OHCA Characteristics (%) | ||||||||
| Witnessed Arrest | 7502 (59.8) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| First Arrest Rhythm† | ||||||||
| Asystole | 6107 (48.7) | 429 (35.7) | 238 (36.0) | 995 (40.4) | 736 (37.0) | 265 (40.9) | 211 (38.8) | <.05 |
| PEA | 3519 (28.0) | 307 (25.5) | 156 (23.6) | 700 (28.5) | 542 (27.3) | 140 (21.6) | 104 (19.1) | >.05 |
| VF | 1908 (15.2) | 371 (30.9) | 201 (30.5) | 589 (23.9) | 563 (28.3) | 194 (29.9) | 186 (34.2) | <.05 |
| VT | 58 (0.5) | 6 (0.5) | 2 (0.3) | 11 (0.4) | 10 (0.5) | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.4) | >.05 |
| Bystander CPR | 5477 (43.7) | 690 (57.4) | 442 (67.0) | 1112 (45.2) | 899 (45.2) | 334 (51.5) | 292 (53.7) | <.05 (excl. Maastricht) |
| Median time to CPR initiation, min (IQR) | 15.00 (12.08) | 12.00 (8.08) | 11.00 (10.00) | 14.00 (10.23) | 14.00 (10.00) | 14.47 (9.45) | 14.40 (9.19) | – |
| Bystander AED | 399 (3.2) | 74 (6.2) | 52 (7.9) | 112 (4.6) | 97 (4.9) | 41 (6.3) | 39 (7.2) | <.05 |
| Pre-hospital Defibrillation | 3202 (25.5) | 577 (48.0) | 321 (48.6) | 947 (38.5) | 892 (44.9) | 311 (48.0) | 299 (55.0) | <.05 |
† Examples include trauma, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), signs of infection, and unknown causes of death
‡ PEA = pulseless electrical activity; VF = ventricular fibrillation; VT = ventricular tachycardia
†† Two-sample z-test was used for all statistical analyses