Table 2.
Factor loading of retained four-factor structure of the TEPS based on EFA
| Factor loading | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| Factor 1: consummatory pleasure without motivation-driving | ||||||
| 2.The sound of crackling wood in the fireplace is very relaxing | 0.42 | −0.04 | −0.07 | 0.15 | ||
| 4.I love the sound of rain on the windows when I’m lying in my warm bed | 0.55 | −0.05 | −0.04 | 0.19 | ||
| 5.The smell of freshly cut grass is enjoyable to me | 0.65 | −0.01 | 0.03 | 0.04 | ||
| 6. I enjoy taking a deep breath of fresh air when I walk outside | 0.56 | 0.04 | 0.24 | −0.10 | ||
| 8.A hot cup of coffee or tea on a cold morning is very satisfying to me | 0.35 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.04 | ||
| 13. I appreciate the beauty of a fresh snowfall | 0.39 | 0.15 | 0.21 | −0.05 | ||
| Factor 2: consummatory pleasure with motivation-driving | ||||||
| 9. I love it when people play with my hair | 0.19 | 0.32 | −0.06 | 0.05 | ||
| 10. I really enjoy the feeling of a good yawn | 0.23 | 0.40 | −0.01 | 0.00 | ||
| 11. When I’m on my way to an amusement park, I can hardly wait to ride the roller coasters | 0.00 | 0.75 | 0.05 | 0.01 | ||
| 12. I get so excited the night before a major holiday I can hardly sleep | −0.05 | 0.44 | 0.00 | 0.19 | ||
| Factor 3: anticipatory pleasure without motivation-driving | ||||||
| 1.When something exciting is coming up in my life, I really look forward to it | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.31 | 0.05 | ||
| 15.Looking forward to a pleasurable experience is in itself pleasurable | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.55 | 0.14 | ||
| 16. I look forward to a lot of things in my life | −0.03 | −0.05 | 0.89 | 0.02 | ||
| Factor 4: anticipatory pleasure with motivation-driving | ||||||
| 3.When I think about eating my favorite food, I can almost taste how good it is | 0.23 | −0.02 | 0.04 | 0.49 | ||
| 14.When I think of something tasty, like a chocolate chip cookie, I have to have one | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 0.50 | ||
| 17.When ordering something off the menu, I imagine how good it will taste | −0.03 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.60 | ||
| 18. When I hear about a new movie starring my favorite actor, I can’t wait to see it | 0.00 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.39 | ||
| 7. I don’t look forward to things like eating out at restaurants (R) | −0.19 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.18 | ||
| Factor correlations | ||||||
| Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 | |||
| Factor 1 | 1.00 | |||||
| Factor 2 | 0.28 | 1.00 | ||||
| Factor 3 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 1.00 | |||
| Factor 4 | 0.25 | 0.55 | 0.46 | 1.00 | ||
Note: R, reverse-coded; Factor loadings above 0.30 are in bold; Based on low factor-loading and reverse coding, item 7th was omitted when confirming the new four-factor structure and subsequent measurement invariance analyses