Table 2.
CSDD total | Mood-related signs, behavioral disturbance, cyclic functions (see descriptions below), physical signs (loss of appetite, weight loss, and loss of energy), and ideational disturbance (suicidal ideation, low self-esteem, pessimism, and mood-congruent delusions). |
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CSDD Mood-related signs | Anxiety, sadness, lack of reactivity to pleasant events, and irritability. |
CSDD Behavioral disturbance | Agitation, psychomotor retardation, multiple physical complaints, and loss of interest. |
CSDD Cyclic functions | Diurnal variation (mood worse in the morning), difficulty falling asleep, multiple nocturnal awakenings, and early-morning awakening. |
NPI-NH total | Delusions, hallucinations, dysphoria, anxiety, agitation/aggression, euphoria, disinhibition, irritability/lability, apathy, aberrant motor activity, sleep and night-time behavior, and appetite and eating. |
NPI-NH Agitation | Agitation/aggression, disinhibition and irritability. |
NPI-NH Affective symptoms | Depression and anxiety. |
NPI-NH Psychosis | Delusions and hallucination. |
CSDD The Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, NPI-NH The Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home Version