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. 2021 Jul 14;12:664385. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664385

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Copyright © 2021 Fang, Zhang, Wang, Duan, Yu, Jia, Pang, Ma, Wang and Nan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pathogen effects on root morphology among 12 alfalfa varieties single or co-inoculated with Fom and Rs. Effect sizes of (A) root diameter (RD), (B) total root length (TRL), (C) root surface area (RSA), and (D) root volume (RV). Fom, single inoculation with Fom; Rs, single inoculation with Rs; Fom:Rs, co-inoculation with Fom and Rs. Boxplots show the medians and 25th and 75th percentiles, with whiskers extending to 1.5 times of the interquartile range, and data presented beyond whiskers represent outliers. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.001) among treatments according to Fisher’s protected LSD test at p = 0.05.