Table 3:
HCV antibody testing results (positive vs negative) stratified by test type and client characteristics in a mobile medical clinic (MMC) in New Haven, Connecticut, 2012-2013 (N=438).
| HCV Antibody Testing Result | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Correlates | HCV Positive N=27 |
HCV Negative N= 411 |
HCV+ vs HCV − | ||
| N observed (95% CI) | N imputed* (%) | N observed (95% CI) | N imputed* (%) | p-value | |
| HCV Ab Test | |||||
| Point-Of-Care | 16 | 16 | 193 | 193 | 0.215 |
| (11,21) | 59.3% | (173,213) | 46.9% | ||
| Standard Phlebotomy | 11 | 11 | 218 | 218 | 0.215 |
| (6,16) | 40.7% | (198,238) | 53.0% | ||
| Mean age, years [S.D.] | 43.2 | 43.2 | 35.2 | 35.1 | <0.01 |
| (38.8,47.6) | [10.6] | (34.0,36.2) | [11.6] | ||
| Baby boomer generation | 8 | 9 | 49 | 65 | 0.027 |
| (3,14) | 33.3% | (50,80) | 15.8% | ||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 13 | 14 | 229 | 242 | 0.373 |
| (8,19) | 51.8% | (222,263) | 58.8% | ||
| Female | 13 | 13 | 160 | 169 | 0.373 |
| (8,19) | 48.1% | (148,189) | 41.1% | ||
| Race | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 14 | 15 | 75 | 84 | <0.01 |
| (9,21) | 55.5% | (67,100) | 20.4% | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 6 | 6 | 169 | 188 | 0.027 |
| (2,11) | 22.2% | (168,209) | 45.7% | ||
| Hispanic | 5 | 6 | 121 | 136 | 0.186 |
| (1,11) | 22.2% | (116,157) | 33.0% | ||
| Foreign-born | 15 | 16 | 132 | 167 | 0.047 |
| (10,22) | 59.3% | (145,189) | 40.6% | ||
| Unstable housing | 9 | 11 | 54 | 133 | 0.206 |
| (4,18) | 40.7% | (99,167) | 32.4% | ||
| No health insurance | 8 | 11 | 104 | 223 | 0.200 |
| (5,18) | 40.7% | (184,263) | 54.3% | ||
| Not in a stable relationship | 19 | 24 | 154 | 359 | 0.571 |
| (20,28) | 88.9% | (334,383) | 87.3% | ||
| Prior diagnosis HCV | 22 | 22 | 1 | 4 | <0.01 |
| (18,26) | 81.5% | (0,10) | 1.0% | ||
| Prior diagnosis STI | 10 | 13 | 95 | 215 | 0.414 |
| (7,20) | 48.1% | (99,330) | 52.3% | ||
| Injection drug history (PWID) | 19 | 22 | 57 | 75 | <0.01 |
| (17,26) | 81.5% | (58,91) | 18.2% | ||
| Heroin | 17 | 21 | 22 | 87 | <0.01 |
| (16,26) | 77.8% | (67,107) | 21.1% | ||
| Cocaine | 16 | 20 | 54 | 144 | <0.01 |
| (14,26) | 74.1% | (113,175) | 35.0% | ||
| Use of NESP | 5 | 6 | 2 | 21 | <0.01 |
| (1,12) | 22.2% | (0,53) | 5.1% | ||
| Crack cocaine use | 16 | 19 | 34 | 99 | <0.01 |
| (14,25) | 70.3% | (69,128) | 24.0% | ||
| Non-injection drug use | 2 | - | 104 | 215 | <0.01 |
| (0,6) | 7.4% | (190,240) | 52.3% | ||
| History of incarceration | 14 | 19 | 92 | 227 | 0.119 |
| (13,25) | 70.3% | (185,269) | 55.2% | ||
| History of interpersonal violence | 9 | 10 | 35 | 98 | 0.051 |
| (4,15) | 37.0% | (72,124) | 23.8% | ||
| Occupational exposure to blood | 2 | 3 | 7 | 19 | 0. 232 |
| (0,7) | 11.1% | (5,32) | 4.6% | ||
| Household known HCV+ individual | 7 | 11 | 13 | 78 | 0.274 |
| (5,16) | 40.1% | (0,227) | 19.0% | ||
| MSM | 1 | - | 19 | 23 | 0.658 |
| (0,3) | 3.7% | (12,34) | 5.6% | ||
| Tattoo history | 14 | 24 | 98 | 260 | 0.052 |
| (19,29) | 88.9% | (228,291) | 63.2% | ||
| Lifetime sexual partners > 15 | 4 | 5 | 129 | 150 | 0.035 |
| (0,9) | 18.5% | (130,170) | 36.5% | ||
Note: The number of individuals in each group (N-imputed) as well as 95% confidence interval have been estimated using Rubin Rules for combining multiple imputations (in this case 10 imputations).
LEGEND: HCV: Hepatitis C Virus; HCV Ab: Hepatitis C Antibody; STI: Sexually Transmitted Infection PWID: People Who Inject Drugs; NSEP: Needle Syringe Exchange Program; MSM: Men Who Have Sex with Men. Cocaine and heroin numbers reflect total users of either intravenous, oral, or inhaled routes