Figure 2.

Exosomes derived from dendritic cells (DEXs) are potential targets for cancer therapeutic strategy. (A) Simplified illustration of a personalized vaccine using DEXs. (B) DEXs can directly catalyze the transfer of peptide-MHC complexes from their membrane surface to T cell membrane surface (cross-dressing). Moreover, DEXs can stimulate T cell responses in an indirect manner via cross-dressing with dendritic cells or via exosome uptake and processing, following the peptide-MHC complex presentation to T cells. DEXs can also induce activation and proliferation of NK cells by establishing interaction of the NKG2D ligand on DEXs with NKG2D receptors on the NK cell membrane.