Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Cardiol Rep. 2021 Jul 1;23(8):107. doi: 10.1007/s11886-021-01540-0

Table 1:

Description of leading studies used to develop and validate various CAD PRS models

Derivation Target
Discovery GWAS Training/Testing Validation
Method Description Cohort Ncase Ncontrol PRS (NSNP) Cohort Ncase Ncontrol Ref Cohort Ncase or Ntreatment Ncontrol or Nplacebo Performance Ref
P+T pruning and p-value thresholding CARDIoGRAMplusC4D 22,333 64,762 PRSMega (27) community case: MDCS
1st prevention: JUPITER, ASCOT-LLA
2nd prevention: CARE, PROVE-IT
3,477 44,944 67 FOURIER 7,163 7,135 6
ODYSSEY 9,462 9,462 72
CARDIoGRAMplusC4D 22,333 64,762 PRSTada (50) Malmö Diet and Cancer study (MDCS) 2,213 21,382 69 ARIC 1,230 6,584 HR: 1.75 (1.46–2.10) 66
WGHS 971 20,251 HR: 1.94 (1.58–2.39)
MDCS 2,903 19,486 HR: 1.98 (1.76–2.23)
eMERGE Phase III (European) 5,887 39,758 OR: 1.28 (1.25–1.32)
HR: 1.20 (1.15–1.25)
73
eMERGE Phase III (African) 527 7,070 OR: 1.05 (0.98–1.14)
HR: 1.05 (0.94–1.17)
eMERGE Phase III (Hispanic) 299 2,194 OR: 1.20 (1.05–1.35)
HR: 1.13 (0.93–1.36)
CADIoGRAMplusC4D 63,746 130,681 PRSNataragan (57) WOSCOPS 604 4,288 68 ODYSSEY 9,462 9,462 72
JUPITER 108 8603
ASCOT-LLA 4070 149
CARDIA 1154
BioImage 4392
LDpred Bayesian PRS method adjusting marginal SNP effect size with LD reference CADIoGRAMplusC4D 63,746 130,681 PRSKhera (6,630,150) UK Biobank Phase II 8,676 260,302 61 MHI Biobank Phase 1 (IcWGS) 974 976 CAD Prevalence OR: 1.64 (1.48–1.81) 77
WHI Biobank Phase 2 (array) 2,492 817 CAD Prevalence OR: 1.55 (1.38–1.73)
CARTaGENE 173 5,589 CAD Prevalence OR: 1.69 (1.44–1.99)
MDCS 4,122 24,434 HR: 1.45 (1.40–1.49) 75
eMERGE Phase III (European) 5,887 39,758 OR: 1.66 (1.62–1.71)
HR: 1.50 (1.43–1.56)
73
eMERGE Phase III (African) 527 7,070 OR: 1.30 (1.21–1.41)
HR: 1.19 (1.07–1.33)
eMERGE Phase III (Hispanic) 299 2,194 OR: 1.42 (1.25–1.61)
HR: 1.16 (0.96–1.41)
Meta-analysis reciprocal two-stage sequential discovery and replication design with independent SNPs CADIoGRAMplusC4D 88,192 162,544 161 UK Biobank 34,541 261,984 57
UK Biobank 34,541 261,984
Meta-analysis meta-score based on 3 previous scores CARDIoGRAMplusC4D 63,746 130,681 PRSInouye (1,745,179) UK Biobank 22,242 460,387 70 MHI Biobank Phase 1 (IcWGS) 974 976 CAD Prevalence OR: 1.74 (1.57–1.93) 77
WHI Biobank Phase 2 (array) 2,492 817 CAD Prevalence OR: 1.60 (1.43–1.80)
WTCCC-CAD 1,926 2,938 CARTaGENE 173 5,589 CAD Prevalence OR: 1.75 (1.49–2.05)
eMERGE Phase III (European) 5,887 39,758 OR: 1.73 (1.68–1.78)
HR: 1.53 (1.46–1.60)
73
MIGEN-Harps 488 531 eMERGE Phase III (African) 527 7,070 OR: 1.40 (1.30–1.52)
HR: 1.27 (1.13–1.43)
eMERGE Phase III (Hispanic) 299 2,194 OR: 1.93 (1.67–2.22)
HR: 1.53 (1.23–1.90)
Trans-ancestry meta-GWAS fixed-effect and random-effect meta-analyses CARDIoGRAMplusC4D 60,801 123,504 PRSKoyama (75,028) Independent Japanese cohort 1,827 9,172 58
UK Biobank 34,541 261,984
Biobank Japan 25,892 142,336
AnnoPred Bayesian PRS framework leveraging functional annotation UK Biobank 4,746 88,182 PRSYe (2,994,054) UK Biobank 3,467 172,771 107
SCT stacked clumping and thresholding UK Biobank 7,912 121,941 PRSBolli (300,238) UK Biobank 15,433 262,900 108