Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of the prognostic variables for OS
| Prognostic variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | |
| Sex (Male) | 0.097 | 0.810 (0.632-1.039) | ||
| Age | 0.150 | 0.993 (0.982-1.003) | ||
| Tumor site | ||||
| Rectum | Ref | |||
| Left | 0.233 | 1.199 (0.890-1.617) | ||
| Right | 0.001 | 1.629 (1.206-2.200) | ||
| Tumor size | 0.001 | 1.133 (1.083-1.186) | 0.001 | 1.073 (1.028-1.120) |
| Elevated CEA level | 0.001 | 1.862 (1.439-2.408) | ||
| Neoadjuvant treatment | 0.001 | 2.062 (1.575-2.700) | ||
| Adjuvant treatment | 0.001 | 1.972 (1.401-2.775) | ||
| TNM stage | ||||
| I | Ref | Ref | ||
| II | 0.262 | 1.881 (0.624-5.668) | 0.541 | 1.412 (0.467-4.270) |
| III | 0.012 | 3.705 (1.330-10.322) | 0.114 | 2.300 (0.818-6.469) |
| IV | 0.001 | 10.058(3.735-27.084) | 0.027 | 3.203(1.140-9.005) |
| Palliative resectiona | 0.001 | 4.310 (3.347-5.552) | 0.001 | 2.371(1.678-3.350) |
| Histology | ||||
| Ulcer type | Ref | |||
| Tumor type | 0.260 | 0.849 (0.639-1.129) | ||
| Invasive type | 0.325 | 1.285 (0.780-2.116) | ||
| Pathology (mucinous) | 0.001 | 1.741 (1.261-2.404) | ||
| Differentiation (G3-G4) | 0.001 | 2.271 (1.773-2.920) | 0.002 | 1.520 (1.167-1.978) |
| Lymphovascular invasion | 0.001 | 2.100 (1.639-2.691) | ||
| Perineural Invasion | 0.001 | 2.042 (1.591-2.622) | 0.016 | 1.385 (1.062-1.805) |
| Extranodal tumor deposit | 0.001 | 2.718 (2.116-3.493) | 0.001 | 1.573 (1.198-2.066) |
| KRAS exon 2 mutant | 0.010 | 1.399 (1.084-1.806) | 0.049 | 1.298 (1.002-1.682) |
| KRAS exon 3 mutant | 0.001 | 2.518 (1.389-4.567) | 0.032 | 1.861 (1.021-3.391) |
| KRAS exon 4 mutant | 0.128 | 0.569 (0.205-1.580) | 0.141 | 0.472 (0.174-1.282) |
a) Cases were considered as palliative excision when primary and metastatic lesions were not both radically resected.