TABLE 2.
Human studies of epilepsy prevention potential using repurposable drugs and completed after 2007
| Drug | Condition | Study type | Outcome measure | Dose | Treatment latency after injury | Treatment duration | Evaluation time after injury (treatment end) | Effect | Effect size | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Levetiracetam | PTE | Phase 2, OLa | % PTE | 55 mg/kg (max = 6000 mg/d) | 8 h | 30 d | 2 y (23 mo) | ↓ PTE | 45% | 7,17 |
| Post-TLE resection | Retrospective review | % epilepsy recurrence | NA | NA | NA | 5 y | ↓ epi recurrence | OR = 0.57 | 28 | |
| Atorvastatin | CVAb | Prospective cohort | % PSE | NA | <3 d | >3 d | 2.5 y | ↓ PSE | OR = 0.34 | 141 |
| Cardiovascular disease | Case-control | Hospitalization for epilepsy | NA | NA | Variable | Variable | OR = 0.65 | 142 | ||
| Statin treatment | Cross section | Epilepsy | NA | NA | Variable | Variable | OR = 0.64 | 143 | ||
| Vigabatrin | Epileptiform EEG | OLc | Seizure freedom | 100–150 mg/kg | At onset of EEG abnormality | Until 2 y | 2–8 y after 1st epileptiform EEG | 93%b | 255,256 |
Abbreviations: CVA, cerebrovascular accidents; EEG, electroencephalogram; NA, not available; OL, open label; OR, odds ratio; PSE, poststroke epilepsy; PTE, posttraumatic epilepsy; Refs, references; TLE, temporal lobe epilepsy.
a
OL compared with an observational arm with standard of care.
b
In patients with early poststroke seizures only.
c
Compared with a prospective cohort receiving standard of care.