Table I.

Literature summary of applications of pre-pulled nanopipette based nanosensors in chemical and biological sensing within the last two years.

Sensor	Size (radius)	Technique	Medium/Sample	Analyte	Information	References
Platinized CNE	<100 nm	SECM Amperometry	Living macrophages in PBS	H2O2, ONOO−, NO·, NO2−	Production rates	47
Cytochrome c modified nanopipette	~20 nm	Linear sweep voltammetry	in vitro: PBS in vivo: breast epithelial cells	O2NO·	Linear range: 0.147 to 1.47 μM; demonstration of in vivo sensing	62
Cavity CNP	100–200 nm	FSCV	Mouse brain slices	Dopamine	Demonstration of in vivo sensing	45
Cavity/openCNP	10–200 nm	CV	PBS	Dopamine	Detection limit: 100 pM	46
Platinized CNE	~66 nm	CV	in vitro: PBS in vivo: single lysosomes	Glucosidase activity (H2O2)	Demonstration of in vivo sensing	74
Cavity CNP	~95nm	CV	PB	Glucose	Detection limit: 0.016 mM; linear range: 0 to 15 mM; sensitivity: (16 ± 11) pA Mm−1	52
Nanopipette-ITIES	320–340 nm	CV	Water-HCl/DCE	GABA	Linear range: 0.25 to 1.0 mM; diffusion coefficient: 6.09 (±0.58) × 10−10m2s−1	75
CNP	20–200 nm	CV	KCl	FcMeOH, FcTMA+, Ru(NH3)63+, Fe(CN)64−	Detection limit: 10 pM for Ru(NH3)63+	76
Silanized nanopipette	~45 nm	I-V	KCl	H+	Linear range: pH 3–8	77
APTES-modified nanopipette	~41 nm	I-V	PBS	Alkaline phosphatase activity	Detection limit: 0.1 mU ml−1	58
Nanopipette	40–50 nm	RP	KCl	DNA Origami	Differentiating geometry	78
Nanopipette	~30 nm	RP	Various ionic solutions	40 nm Ag nanoparticle	Demonstration of transient bipolar electrochemistry	79
MoS2 modified nanopipette	~41.5 nm	RP	Inside: H2SO4; Outside: KCl	H2	Demonstration of direct monitoring HER	80
CNP	125–250 nm	RP	Liposomes in PBS	K4[Fe(CN)6] dopamine nitrite	Demonstration of liposomes analysis	53
Gold nanopore pipette	15–25 nm	I-V, SERS	KCl	Nanoplastics	Detectable size range: a few to 30 nm	81