Table 2.
Characteristics of ADNI MCI participants grouped by whether or not the participant initiated a symptomatic medication during the course of follow-up. P-values are from Pearson’s χ2 test or Kruskal-Wallis test.
| N | On symptomatic medication at baseline (N=351) | Initiated symptomatic medication (N=147) | Never Initiated symptomatic medication (N=479) | Combined (N=977) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| eMCI at baseline | 977 | 74 (21%) | 41 (28%) | 240 (50%) | 355 (36%) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 977 | 73.19 (7.18) | 74.23 (6.98) | 72.36 (8.12) | 72.94 (7.65) | 0.015 |
| Sex (female) | 977 | 129 (37%) | 58 (39%) | 214 (45%) | 401 (41%) | 0.066 |
| Education (years) | 977 | 15.91 (2.81) | 15.80 (2.82) | 16.03 (2.80) | 15.95 (2.80) | 0.607 |
| Ethnicity | 977 | 0.534 | ||||
| Not Hispanic/Latinx | 338 (96%) | 144 (98%) | 457 (95%) | 939 (96%) | ||
| Hispanic/Latinx | 12 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 18 (4%) | 33 (3%) | ||
| Unknown | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (1%) | 5 (1%) | ||
| Race | 977 | 0.046 | ||||
| Am. Indian/Alaskan | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0%) | 2 (0%) | ||
| Asian | 5 (1%) | 3 (2%) | 8 (2%) | 16 (2%) | ||
| Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0%) | 2 (0%) | ||
| Black | 5 (1%) | 3 (2%) | 27 (6%) | 35 (4%) | ||
| White | 339 (97%) | 139 (95%) | 430 (90%) | 908 (93%) | ||
| More than one | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 7 (1%) | 11 (1%) | ||
| Unknown | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (1%) | 3 (0%) | ||
| Marital status | 977 | 0.008 | ||||
| Divorced | 19 (5%) | 14 (10%) | 57 (12%) | 90 (9%) | ||
| Married | 294 (84%) | 116 (79%) | 345 (72%) | 755 (77%) | ||
| Never married | 7 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 18 (4%) | 26 (3%) | ||
| Widowed | 30 (9%) | 15 (10%) | 55 (11%) | 100 (10%) | ||
| Unknown | 1 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 4 (1%) | 6 (1%) | ||
| APOEε4 alleles | 603 | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 136 (41%) | 62 (42%) | 272 (60%) | 470 (50%) | ||
| 1 | 147 (44%) | 67 (46%) | 151 (33%) | 365 (39%) | ||
| 2 | 52 (16%) | 18 (12%) | 32 (7%) | 102 (11%) | ||
| CSF Aβ1–42 (pg/ml) | 619 | 796 (372) | 799 (375) | 1145 (431) | 961 (437) | <0.001 |
| Florbetapir PET (SUVR) | 488 | 1.313 (0.236) | 1.295 (0.215) | 1.150 (0.203) | 1.215 (0.227) | <0.001 |
| Amyloid positive | 743 | 154 (59%) | 75 (64%) | 204 (56%) | 433 (58%) | 0.300 |
| CDR Sum of Boxes | 977 | 1.822 (0.944) | 1.561 (0.817) | 1.261 (0.768) | 1.508 (0.880) | <0.001 |
| ADAS-Cog 13 | 970 | 19.60 (6.47) | 18.93 (6.19) | 14.11 (5.98) | 16.80 (6.73) | <0.001 |
| MMSE | 977 | 27.15 (1.84) | 27.33 (1.80) | 28.03 (1.71) | 27.61 (1.82) | <0.001 |
| Hippocampus (/ICVx1,000) | 744 | 4.179 (0.736) | 4.164 (0.746) | 4.738 (0.772) | 4.444 (0.805) | <0.001 |
| Follow-up (years) | 977 | 3.42 (2.68) | 4.85 (2.15) | 3.45 (2.94) | 3.65 (2.78) | <0.001 |
| Exposure to symptomatic medication (years) | 977 | - | 2.913 (1.803) | - | - | - |
Abbreviations: eMCI, Early Mild Cognitive Impairment; PET, positron emission tomography; SUVR, standard uptake value ratio; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; ADAS-Cog, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive subscale; MMSE, Mini Mental State Exam; ICV, Intracranial Volume