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. 2021 Jul 14;9:680769. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.680769

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Copyright © 2021 Wo, Lv, Wang, Shen, Zhu, Liu, Huang, Sun and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Development and validation of intact finite element (FE) cervical spine model. (A) The conversion procedure for developing FE cervical vertebrae models included reconstructing a geometrical structure of vertebrae (Mimics 20.0), performing smooth operation (Geomagic 12), and supporting format conversion by computer-aided design (CAD) software (Solidworks 2015). Then, the output document was imported into FE software (Ansys Workbench 18.0) to build the cervical spine components. (B) A model consisting of a vertebra disc and an intervertebral disc was constructed by cartilage and intervertebral discs inserted into the facet joint and the intervertebral space. (C) The intact FE cervical spine model with ligament construction.