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. 2021 Jul 14;11:668349. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.668349

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Copyright © 2021 Gunaydin

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The schematic demonstration of potential tri-directional interactions of cancer cells, CAFs and monocytes. Cancer cells can take part in the activation of CAFs via several factors. CAFs may in turn recruit monocytes via MCP-1 and SDF-1. In addition, CAFs promote a pro-tumoral phenotype in monocytes/macrophages, which enhance cancer cell proliferation and motility as well as suppressing immune responses. CAF, cancer associated fibroblast; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; NF, normal fibroblast; SDF-1, stromal derived factor 1.