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. 2021 Jun 22;12(29):9866–9884. doi: 10.1039/d1sc01504d

List of HEPs, OEPs and redox mediators used for visible-light-driven Z-scheme overall water splitting35,42–64.

HEP OEP Mediator pH Light source, wavelength (λ nm) H2 (μmol h−1) O2 (μmol h−1) AQY% (λ nm), STH (%) Year (ref)
Pt/STO:Cr,Ta PtOx/WO3 IO3/I 7.0 300 W Xe (>420) 1.8 0.9 0.1 (420 nm) 2001 (ref. 42)
Ru/STO:Rh WO3 Fe3+/Fe2+ 2.4 300 W Xe (>420) 18.9 8.9 n.r. 2008 (ref. 43)
Ru/STO:Rh BiVO4 Fe3+/Fe2+ 2.4 300 W Xe (>420) 19.2 9.7 0.3 (420 nm), 0.02 STH 2008 (ref. 43)
Ru/STO:Rh BiVO4 Fe3+/Fe2+ 2.4 300 W Xe (>420) 122.0 61.0 4.2 (420 nm), 0.1 STH 2013 (ref. 44)
Pt/STO:Rh WO3 Fe3+/Fe2+ 2.4 300 W Xe (>420) 7.8 4.0 0.5 (420 nm) 2004 (ref. 45)
Pt/STO:Rh Bi2MoO6 Fe3+/Fe2+ 2.4 300 W Xe (>420) 19.0 8.9 0.2 (440 nm) 2004 (ref. 45)
Pt/STO:Rh BiVO4 Fe3+/Fe2+ 2.4 300 W Xe (>420) 15.0 7.1 0.4 (420 nm) 2004 (ref. 45)
Ru/STO:Rh IrOx/SrTiO3:Rh/Sb Fe3+/Fe2+ 2.4 300 W Xe (>420) 3.0 1.4 n.r. 2014 (ref. 46)
Ru/STO:Rh Bi4NbO8Cl Fe3+/Fe2+ 2.5 300 W Xe (>400) 15.0 7.0 0.9 (420 nm) 2018 (ref. 49)
Ru/STO:Rh RuO2/Bi4NbO8Cl Fe3+/Fe2+ 2.4 300 W Xe (>400) 11.3 5.8 0.7 (420 nm) 2019 (ref. 48)
Ru/STO:Rh RuO2/Bi4NbO8Cl Fe3+/Fe2+ 2.4 300 W Xe (>400) 28.0 15.3 1.3 (420 nm) 2019 (ref. 48)
Ru/STO:Rh BiVO4 [Co(bpy)3]3+/2+ 3.8 300 W Xe (>420) 100.0 47.0 2.1 (420 nm), 0.06 STH 2013 (ref. 46)
Ru/STO:Rh BiVO4 [Co(phen)3]3+/2+ 7.0 300 W Xe (>420) 10.0 4.8 n.r. 2013 (ref. 46)
Ru/STO:Rh TiO2:Cr,Sb [Co(phen)3]3+/2+ 7.0 300 W Xe (>420) 1.3 0.7 n.r. 2013 (ref. 46)
Pt/TaON PtOx/WO3 IO3/I 7.0 300 W Xe (>420) 24.0 12.0 0.4 (420 nm) 2005 (ref. 50)
Pt/ZrO2/TaON PtOx/WO3 IO3/I 5.4 300 W Xe (420–800) 33.0 16.0 6.3 (420 nm) 2010 (ref. 51)
Pt/ZrO2/TaON RuO2/TaON IO3/I 6.0 300 W Xe (>420) 7.0 3.0 0.1 (420 nm) 2011 (ref. 52)
Pt/ZrO 2 /TaON Au/CoO x /BiVO 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− /[Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− 6.0 300 W Xe (>420) 87.5 41.6 10.3 (420 nm), 0.5 STH 2018 (ref. 35)
Pt/BaTaO2N PtOx/WO3 IO3/I Without control 300 W Xe (>420) 6.6 3.0 0.1 (420–440 nm) 2009 (ref. 53)
Pt/BaZrO3–BaTaO2N PtOx/WO3 IO3/I 300 W Xe (350–800) 22.4 9.3 0.0067 STH 2013 (ref. 54)
Pt/BaZrO3–BaTaO2N TiO2 IO3/I 300 W Xe (350–800) 21.3 9.4 0.014 STH 2013 (ref. 54)
MgTa2O6−xNy/TaON PtOx/WO3 IO3/I 300 W Xe (>420) 108.3 55.3 6.8 (420 nm) 2015 (ref. 55)
Pt/Sm2Ti2O2S5 TiO2 (rutile) IO3/I 11.0 450 W Hg (>300) 9.0 3.2 n.r. 2014 (ref. 56)
Ru/(CuGa)0.8Zn0.4S2 BiVO4 [Co(terpy)3]3+/2+ Without control 300 W Xe (>420) 3.1 1.6 0.025 STH 2015 (ref. 57)
Pt/NiS/La5Ti2AgS5O7 PtOx/WO3 I3/I 4.0 300 W Xe (>420) 11.1 5.4 0.12 (420 nm) 2019 (ref. 58)
Ru/STO:Rh BiVO4 RGO 3.5 300 W Xe (>420) 11.0 5.5 1.03 (420 nm) 2011 (ref. 59)
CrOx/Ru/STO:Rh,La BiVO4:Mo Au 300 W Xe (>420) 100.0 50.0 33 (419 nm), 1.1 STH 2016 (ref. 60)
Cr2O3/Ru/STO:Rh,La BiVO4:Mo Carbon 6.8 300 W Xe (>420) 90.0 45.0 26 (419 nm), 1.2 STH 2017 (ref. 61)
RhCrOx/ZrO2/LaMg1/3Ta2/3O2N BiVO4:Mo Au 300 W Xe (>420) 1.1 0.6 0.07 (418 nm), 0.001 STH 2016 (ref. 62)
Cr2O3/Rh/La5Ti2Cu0.9Ag0.1S5O7:Ga BiVO4 Au 6.9 300 W Xe (>420) 20.0 10.0 4.9 (420 nm), 0.11 STH 2018 (ref. 63)
La5Ti2Cu0.9Ag0.1S5O7:Ga CoOx/LaTiO2N Au 11.0 300 W Xe (>420) 0.5 0.2 0.04 (420 nm) 2018 (ref. 64)