FIGURE 2.

A framework of music as embodied language. The crucial role is played by joint agency, which is a consequence of the sensorimotor prediction device, along with arousal (both arousal and joint agency are expected to cause rewarding effects). The prediction devise is based on active inference and includes Keller’s three sensorimotor competences to play music in ensemble. Some experimental evidence (concerning, for example, tapping, jazz, hocket, and tool use) can be interpreted according to this framework (see below).