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. 2021 Jul 24;12(7):507–521. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i7.507

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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Classification and schematic representation of proteoglycans studied in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Proteoglycans are classified as extracellular, pericellular, cell-surface, and intracellular according to their cellular and subcellular localization. The ones that have pro-invasive function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are highlighted in red bubbles, and the ones that act as the tumor suppressors are highlighted in green bubbles. Lumican is in the transparent bubble because its function in ESCC is still controversial. EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition.