Table 6:

Relationship Between OxyContin Misuse and Changes in Overall Overdose Death Rates

Outcome:	Overdose Deaths per 100,000
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
A. Opioid and Heroin Deaths
Initial OxyContin (3 Year Effect)	0.362 (2.385)	1.802 (2.060)	1.429 (2.148)	3.483 (2.129)	0.257 (0.214)	0.378* (0.225)
Initial Pain Reliever (3 Year Effect)				−0.947* (0.475)		−0.123** (0.053)
Mean of Dep. Variable (2008–09):	6.068
B. All Overdoses
Initial OxyContin (3 Year Effect)	0.205 (2.974)	2.353 (3.064)	1.322 (2.824)	3.713 (2.914)	0.041 (0.157)	0.123 (0.169)
Initial Pain Reliever (3 Year Effect)				−1.017* (0.602)		−0.078* (0.047)
Mean of Dep. Variable (2008–09):	13.097
State and Time-Varying Covariates	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Policy Variables	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Estimator	OLS	OLS	OLS	OLS	Poisson	Poisson

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses adjusted for clustering at the state-level. State fixed effects and year fixed effects included in all specifications. Each model also includes a linear trend interacted with initial nonmedical OxyContin misuse as well as a post-2011 indicator interacted with initial nonmedical OxyContin misuse. Finally, a separate post-2011 linear trend interacted with initial nonmedical OxyContin misuse is also included. We report the 3 year post-2011 effect of the initial OxyContin variable. Regressions are weighted by population. Years 2008–2013 are used.

^***Significant at the 1% level

^**Significant at the 5% level

^*Significant at the 10% level.