Table 2.

Factors (crude and adjusted odds ratios, confidence intervals, and p value) associated with geriatric depression among elderly at North Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2020 (n = 822)

Variables	Depression		Crude OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
	No	Yes
Age
60–69	160	105	1		1
70–79	149	154	1.58 (1.13,2.19)	0.001*	1.30 (0.89,1.90)	0.172
80–89	53	145	4.17 (2.80,6.22)	0.001*	3.22 (2.05,5.03)	0.001*
≥ 90	12	44	5.59 (2.82,11.07)	0.001*	3.62 (1.69,7.75)	0.001*
Sex
Male	194	228	1		1
Female	180	220	1.04 (0.78,1.37)	0.187	1.38 (0.98,1.93)	0.063
Marital status
Single	171	342	3.83 (2.84,5.16)	0.001*	1.67 (1.12,2.50)	0.012*
Married	203	106	1		1
Educational status
No formal education	234	344	1.98 (1.46,2.68)	0.001*	1.79 (1.06,2.20)	0.042*
Formal education	140	104	1		1
Number of children
No children	68	190	2.01 (1.41,2.87)	0.001*	1.00 (0.50,2.00)	0.990
One child	26	54	2.32 (1.40,1.93)	0.001*	1.62 (0.86,3.04)	0.137
Two children	72	86	1.34 (0.92,1.93)	0.268	1.02 (0.64,1.63)	0.921
Three and above children	208	186	1		1
Source of income
Retirement	16	18	1		1
Helped by family	44	104	2.10 (0.98,4.49)	0.056	1.39 (0.57,3.40)	0.465
Farmers	162	82	0.45 (0.22,0.93)	0.031*	0.52 (0.22,1.23)	0.136
Merchant	34	8	0.21 (0.08,0.58)	0.003*	0.32 (0.10,1.00)	0.050
No income/NGO support	118	236	1.78 (0.88,3.61)	0.112	1.48 (0.67,3.30)	0.334
Living status
Alone	128	252	2.47 (1.86,3.28)	0.001*	1.58 (1.05,2.26)	0.035*
With family/relatives	246	196	1		1
Social support
No	298	252	0.33 (0.24,0.45)	0.001*	0.55 (0.38,0.80)	0.002*
Yes	76	196	1		1
Chronic illness
No	308	300	1		1
Yes	66	148	2.30 (1.65,3.21)	0.001*	2.27 (1.50,3.44)	0.001*
Current substance use
No	108	222	1		1
Yes	266	226	0.41 (0.31,0.55)	0.001*	0.70 (0.48,1.02)	0.060