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. 2021 Jul 14;11:701930. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.701930

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Copyright © 2021 Sathler-Avelar, Vitelli-Avelar, Mattoso-Barbosa, Pascoal-Xavier, Elói-Santos, Costa-Rocha, Teixeira-Carvalho, Dick, VandeBerg, VandeBerg and Martins-Filho

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ex vivo cytokine signatures of peripheral blood leukocytes from T. cruzi-infected cynomolgus macaques classified according to histopathological features of chronic chagasic cardiopathy. The functional cytokine signatures were constructed based on the proportion of subjects with intracytoplasmic cytokine levels above the global median cut-off defined for each cell subset, calculated for the entire study population. Radar charts were built to obtain the overall profile of pro-inflammatory (left side) and regulatory (right side) cytokines for innate and adaptive immunity cells. Distinct color backgrounds were used to tag the non-infected controls (NI = ) and the subgroups of T. cruzi-infected cynomolgus macaques, classified according to histopathological features of cardiac biopsies and referred to as CCC(–) for absence of chronic chagasic cardiopathy (); CCC (+) for mild chronic chagasic cardiopathy () and CCC (++) for moderate chronic chagasic cardiopathy (). The biomarkers with frequencies above the 50^th percentile were highlighted for each group by bold underline format.

Inline graphic — Ex vivo cytokine signatures of peripheral blood leukocytes from T. cruzi-infected cynomolgus macaques classified according to histopathological features of chronic chagasic cardiopathy. The functional cytokine signatures were constructed based on the proportion of subjects with intracytoplasmic cytokine levels above the global median cut-off defined for each cell subset, calculated for the entire study population. Radar charts were built to obtain the overall profile of pro-inflammatory (left side) and regulatory (right side) cytokines for innate and adaptive immunity cells. Distinct color backgrounds were used to tag the non-infected controls (NI = ) and the subgroups of T. cruzi-infected cynomolgus macaques, classified according to histopathological features of cardiac biopsies and referred to as CCC(–) for absence of chronic chagasic cardiopathy (); CCC (+) for mild chronic chagasic cardiopathy () and CCC (++) for moderate chronic chagasic cardiopathy (). The biomarkers with frequencies above the 50^th percentile were highlighted for each group by bold underline format.