Table 3.
Overview of the liquid- and tissue-based biomarker tests evaluated in the health economic studies included in the review
| Test name | Sample type | Biomarker(s) | DMA | Studies, n (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prostate Health Index | Blood | Total PSA, free PSA, proPSA | Biopsy | 5 (23) | [24], [28], [29], [31], [33] |
| PCA3 Score/PROGENSA | Urine | Relative levels of PCA3 and KLK3 RNA | Biopsy | 3 (14) | [23], [24], [26] |
| SelectMDx | Urine | DLX1, HOXC6 and KLK3 mRNA (this test also considers clinical variables) | Biopsy | 3 (14) | [25], [28], [30] |
| 4Kscore | Blood | Total PSA, free PSA, intact PSA, and human glandular kallikrein 2 | Biopsy | 2 (9) | [27], [28] |
| OncotypeDx | Tissue | mRNA levels of 12 cancer-related genes (and 5 reference genes) involved in stromal response, androgen signalling, cellular organisation, and proliferation | Treatment | 2 (9) | [38], [41] |
| ConfirmMDx | Tissue | Methylated GSTP1, APC, and RASSF1 | Biopsy | 1 (5) | [22] |
| Decipher | Tissue | mRNA levels of 22 genes involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, motility, structure, cell-cycle progression, mitosis, immune modulation, and other unknown function | Treatment | 1 (5) | [40] |
| DNA-Ploidy | Tissue | Amount of DNA in the nuclei of prostate cancer cells | Treatment | 1 (5) | [34] |
| ExoDx Prostate Intelli-Score | Urine | Exosomal RNA for PCA3, SPDEF, and ERG | Biopsy | 1 (5) | [28] |
| NADiA ProsVue Slope | Blood | Supersensitive PSA kinetics | Treatment | 1 (5) | [36] |
| Percent free PSA | Blood | Free PSA, total PSA | Biopsy | 1 (5) | [20] |
| Prolaris | Tissue | mRNA levels of 31 cell-cycle progression genes and 15 control genes | Treatment | 1 (5) | [39] |
| ProMark | Tissue | Relative expression of 8 proteins (CUL2, DERL1, FUS, HSPA9, PDSS2, SMAD4, S6(P), and YBX1) | Treatment | 1 (5) | [37] |
| ProstatePx | Tissue | Morphometric and antigen expression profile of prostate cancer cells | Treatment | 1 (5) | [35] |
| PSA density | Blood | Total PSA, prostate volume | Biopsy | 1 (5) | [33] |
| T2:ERG | Urine | Relative levels of TMPRSS2:ERG and KLK3 mRNA | Biopsy | 1 (5) | [26] |
| Urinary proteome analysis | Urine | 12 urinary peptides, total PSA, free PSA | Biopsy | 1 (5) | [21] |
DMA = decision-making aim; PSA = prostate-specific antigen.