Table 2.
Summary of the studies included in the review
| Study | Study design | Gender | Outcomes | NOS |
AAs (%) |
ARM severity |
ARM surgery | Questionnaire | Age (yr) | Sample (n) | Control group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S | C | O | T | UG | SP | High | Int. | Low | |||||||||
| Trovalusci 2020, Italy [16] | CSS, MC | Male | ED, EJD | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | NR | NR | Yes | Yes | Yes | PSARP, LAARP | IIEF | 26 (18–41) | 25 | No |
| Bjørsum-Meyer 2020, Denmark [17] | CSS, SC | Both | SD, ED, BR | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 34.6 | 50.0 | Yes | Yes | Yes | PSARP 10 Perineal 9 Dilatation 4 APPT 2 Cutback 1 | FSFI, IIEF | 24 (18–32) | 26 | No |
| Eleuteri 2019, Italy [18] | CSS, SC | Male | ED, EJD | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | AIMAR | 28.8 ± 10.6 | 12 | No |
| Witvliet 2018, The Netherlands [19] | CSS, MC | Both | SD, ED | 3 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 21.6 | NR | Yes | No | Yes | PSARP, anoplasty, ASARP, Rehbein, PSARVUP, others | FSFI, IIEF | >18 | 37 | No |
| Kyrklund 2016, Finland [20] | CSS, SC | Both | LUTS | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | NR | 33.3 | No | Yes | Yes | PSARP/ ASARP | DPSS | >12 | 39 | No |
| Kyrklund 2016, Finland [21] | CSS, SC | Male | ED, EJD | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 12.2 | 19.5 | Yes | Yes | Yes | PSARP 20 ASARP 10 Cutback/dilatation 11 | Erection Hardness Score | 21 (16–29) | 41 | Yes |
| Hondel 2015, The Netherlands [22] | CSS, MC | Both | SD, ED | 3 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 29 | NR | Yes | Yes | Yes | APPT, PSARP, perineal, others | FSFI, IIEF | >18 | 63 | No |
| Borg 2013, Sweden [23] | PS, SC | Both | LUTS | 3 | 0 | 3 | 6 | NR | NR | Yes | Yes | Yes | PSARP | Designed | 10 | 24 | No |
| Schmidt 2012, Germany [24] | CSS, MC | Both | EJD, BR | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | NR | NR | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | NS | 19–35 | 55 | No |
| Schmidt 2012, Germany [25] | CSS, MC | Male | NBD | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | NR | NR | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | Interview | 18–56 | 32 | No |
| Grano 2011, Italy [26] | PS, SC | Both | UI | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | NR | 16.7 | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | HAQL | 17–49 | 36 | No |
| Davies 2010, USA [27] | CSS, SC | Both | UI, SD, ED, EJD, BR | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | NR | 43.8 | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | ICS-male | 25.6 (18–46) | 74 | No |
| Iwai 2007, Japan [28] | CSS, SC | Both | ED, EJD, BR | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 10.3 | 3.6 | Yes | Yes | Yes | APPT/ perineoplasty | NR | 26.3 (20–40) | 29 | No |
| Konuma 2006, Japan [29] | CSS, SC | Male | ED, EJD, NBD, BR | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 17.7 | 35.3 | Yes | Yes | No | APPT, SP, ASP | Interview | 24 (20–29) | 17 | No |
| Rintala 1999, Finland [30] | CSS, SC | Male | UI | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | NR | 44.4 | Yes | No | No | ASP, PSARP | NR | 10–22 | 36 | No |
| Hassink 1993, The Netherlands [31] | CSS, SC | Both | UI | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 45.0 | 48.0 | Yes | No | No | APPT, ASP, perineal | NR | 26.0 (18.1–56.9) | 58 | No |
| Rintala 1992, Finland [32] | CSS, SC | Both | UI, BR | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | NR | NR | No | No | Yes | Dilatations, cutback, pull-through | Unspecified questionnaire | 35.2 ± 4.1 | 83 | Yes |
CSS = cross-sectional study; PS = prospective study; MC = multicentre; SC = single-centre; ED = erectile dysfunction; EJD = ejaculatory dysfunction; SD = sexual dysfunction; BR = birth rate; LUTS = lower urinary tract symptoms; NBD = neurogenic bladder dysfunction; UI = urinary incontinence; NOS = Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (S = selection; C = comparability; O = outcome; T = total score); AAs = associated anomalies (UG = urogenital; SP = spinal); NR = not reported; ARM = anorectal malformation; PSARP = posterior sagittal anorectoplasty; LAARP = laparoscopic assisted anorectal pull-through; APPT = abdominoperineal pull-through; ASARP = anterior sagittal anorectoplasty; PSARVUP = posterior sagittal anorectal vaginal urethraplasty; SP = sacroperineal dissection; ASP = abdominosacroperineal dissection; IIEF = International Index of Erectile Function; FSFI = Female Sexual Function Index; AIMAR = Italian Association for Anorectal Malformations; DPSS = Danish Prostatic Symptom Score; HAQL = Hirschsprung Disease/Anorectal Malformation Quality of Life Questionnaire; ICS = International Continence Society.