Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patient cohorts
| JANUS I |
CAPS |
JANUS II |
ProMPT-OUH |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-PC |
PC |
No PC |
Pre-PC |
Indolent PC |
Fatal PC |
PC |
PC |
|||||||||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |
| Total | 31 | (100) | 30 | (100) | 50 | (100) | 50 | (100) | 50 | (100) | 50 | (100) | 82 | (100) | 430 | (100) |
| Year of sample collection | 1972–2003 | 1988–2009 | 2002–2003 | 2002–2003 | 2001–2004 | 2001–2004 | 1990–2011 | 1995–2015 | ||||||||
| Follow-up time (yr), median (IQR) | 17.3 | (12.5–22.8) | 1.59 | (0.9–3.6) | 9.0 | (8.6–9.6) | 9.2 | (8.7–9.7) | 8.6 | (7.4–10.0) | 0.44 | (0.25–0.63) | 6.8 | (2.7–7.7) | 6.8 | (5.4–8.8) |
| Time from sampling to diagnosis (yr), median (IQR) | 14.9 | (11.0–17.2) | –0.4 | (–1.4 to 0.0) | – | – | 4.2 | (3.0–5.4) | –0.4 | (–0.5 to –0.3) | –0.4 | (–0.6 to –0.3) | –0.3 | (–0.8 to –0.2) | 0.3 | (0.1–0.5) |
| Age at sampling (yr), median (IQR) | 43 | (41–51) | 60 | (57–64) | 65 | (61–73) | 67 | (62–72) | 76 | (74–78) | 66 | (60–73) | 61 | (59–67) | 65 | (60–69) |
| PSA (ng/mL), median (IQR) | NA | 7.0 | (4.0–8.9) | 165.5 | (45.0–511.0) | 10.1 | (6.4–37.6) | 8.6 | (5.6–15.1) | |||||||
| PSA at diagnosis (ng/mL) | ||||||||||||||||
| <10 | NA | 50 | (100) | 0 | (0.0) | 38 | (46.3) | 243 | (56.5) | |||||||
| 10–20 | NA | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 13 | (15.9) | 109 | (24.2) | |||||||
| >20 | NA | 0 | (0.0) | 50 | (100) | 25 | (30.5) | 78 | (18.2) | |||||||
| Missing | 30 | (100) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 6 | (7.3) | 0 | (0.0) | ||||||
| Gleason score | ||||||||||||||||
| 6 | NA | 50 | (100) | 1 | (2.0) | 30 | (36.6) | 107 | (24.9) | |||||||
| 7 | NA | 0 | (0.00) | 11 | (22.0) | 19 | (23.3) | 204 | (47.4) | |||||||
| 8–10 | NA | 0 | (0.00) | 35 | (70.0) | 23 | (28.0) | 109 | (25.3) | |||||||
| Missing | 30 | (100) | 0 | (0.00) | 3 | (6.0) | 10 | (12.2) | 10 | (2.3) | ||||||
| T stage | ||||||||||||||||
| T1 | 4 | (13.3) | 30 | (60.0) | 2 | (4.0) | 24 | (29.3) | 47 | (10.9) | ||||||
| T2 | 3 | (10.0) | 20 | (40.0) | 6 | (12.0) | 33 | (40.2) | 145 | (33.7) | ||||||
| T3 | 12 | (40.0) | 0 | (0.00) | 26 | (52.0) | 15 | (18.3) | 202 | (47.0) | ||||||
| T4 | 1 | (3.3) | 0 | (0.00) | 13 | (26.0) | 6 | (7.3) | 9 | (2.1) | ||||||
| Missing | 10 | (33.3) | 0 | (0.00) | 3 | (6.0) | 4 | (4.9) | 27 | (6.3) | ||||||
| Metastasis | ||||||||||||||||
| Not known (N0/Nx and M0/Mx) | 3 | (10.0) | 50 | (100) | 13 | (26.0) | 55 | (67.9) | 360 | (83.7) | ||||||
| Lymph node (N1+ and M0/Mx) | 9 | (30.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (4.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 18 | (4.2) | ||||||
| Distant (N0/Nx and M1+) | 17 | (56.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 32 | (64.0) | 25 | (30.9) | 24 | (5.6) | ||||||
| Lymph node and distant (N1+ and M1+) | 1 | (3.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (6.0) | 1 | (1.2) | 28 | (6.5) | ||||||
| NCCN risk group | ||||||||||||||||
| Low | NA | 28 | (56.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 8 | (9.9) | 56 | (13.0) | |||||||
| Intermediate | NA | 22 | (44.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 30 | (37.0) | 87 | (20.2) | |||||||
| High | NA | 0 | (0.0) | 13 | (36.0) | 17 | (20.7) | 217 | (50.5) | |||||||
| Metastasis | 20 | (66.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 37 | (74.0) | 27 | (32.9) | 70 | (16.3) | ||||||
| Unknown | 10 | (33.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | ||||||
| Primary treatment | ||||||||||||||||
| Radical prostatectomy | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 35 | (43.2) | 183 | (42.6) | ||||||
| Radiation with or without hormone therapy | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (6.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 32 | (39.5) | 210 | (48.8) | ||||||
| Hormone therapy | 0 | (0.0) | 9 | (18.0) | 48 | (96.0) | 10 | (12.3) | 36 | (8.4) | ||||||
| Unknown/not recorded | 30 | (100) | 38 | (76.0) | 2 | (4.0) | 4 | (4.9) | 1 | (0.2) | ||||||
| Overall mortality | ||||||||||||||||
| Censored | 7 | (22.6) | 6 | (20.0) | 41 | (82.0) | 44 | (88.0) | 31 | (62.0) | 0 | (0.00) | 51 | (63.0) | 359 | (83.5) |
| Event | 24 | (77.4) | 24 | (80.0) | 9 | (18.0) | 6 | (12.0) | 19 | (18) | 50 | (100) | 30 | (37.0) | 71 | (16.5) |
| Cause of death | ||||||||||||||||
| Prostate cancer | 22 | (100) | 21 | (100) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (100) | 0 | (0.0) | 50 | (100) | 25 | (83.3) | 26 | (36.7) |
| Other cause | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 5 | (16.7) | 7 | (9.6) |
| Unknown/Not recorded | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 38 | (53.5) |
CAPS = Cancer of the Prostate Sweden; IQR = interquartile range; NA = not available; NCCN = National Comprehensive Cancer Network; PC = prostate cancer; PSA = prostate-specific antigen.