Table 2.
Bivariate proportional-hazard models for competing risks showing the relationship between year of surgery and competing mortality (causes other than bladder cancer) in different subgroups after controlling for patient age
| Hazard | HR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|
| Age <65 yr | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.073 (1.029–1.119) | 0.0009 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.955 (0.926–0.986) | 0.0041 |
| Age <70 yr | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.053 (1.025–1.082) | 0.0002 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.955 (0.931–0.979) | 0.0004 |
| Age ≥70 yr | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.049 (1.020–1.079) | 0.0010 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.953 (0.934–0.973) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥75 yr | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.018 (0.968–1.079) | 0.4934 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.953 (0.934–0.973) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥80 yr | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.049 (0.942–1.169) | 0.3839 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.931 (0.930–0.982) | 0.0011 |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3-4 | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.038 (1.019–1.058) | 0.0001 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.947 (0.928–0.968) | <0.0001 |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists class 1–2 | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.069 (1.047–1.090) | <0.0001 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.939 (0.915–0.963) | <0.0001 |
| Surgery in 1993–2005 | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.055 (1.036–1.075) | <0.0001 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.939 (0.904–0.976) | 0.0015 |
| Surgery in 2006–2018 | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.065 (1.044–1.110) | <0.0001 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.945 (0.905–0.988) | 0.0386 |
| Female | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.077 (1.044–1.110) | <0.0001 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.963 (0.929–0.998) | 0.0386 |
| Male | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.059 (1.044–1.076) | <0.0001 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.950 (0.934–0.967) | <0.0001 |
| Married | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.070 (1.052–1.088) | <0.0001 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.949 (0.931–0.967) | <0.0001 |
| Single, widowed, divorced, unknown marital status (n = 1) | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.042 (1.020–1.065) | 0.0002 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.953 (0.926–0.981) | 0.0009 |
| University degree/master craftsperson | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.061 (1.025–1.099) | 0.0009 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.956 (0.921–0.992) | 0.0169 |
| No university degree/master craftsperson | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.065 (1.048–1.082) | <0.0001 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.952 (0.931–0.973) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.054 (1.032–1.077) | <0.0001 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.947 (0.922–0.972) | <0.0001 |
| Nonsmoker | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.081 (1.056–1.107) | <0.0001 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.954 (0.930–0.978) | 0.0002 |
| Whole sample, only events occurring >90 d after RC | ||
| Age (continuous variable, per year) | 1.062 (1.047–1.077) | <0.0001 |
| Year of surgery (continuous variable, per year) | 0.947 (0.931–0.964) | <0.0001 |
CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; RC = radical cystectomy.