. 2021 Jul 14;12:681014. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.681014

TABLE 3.

The serum immunoglobulin concentrations in Holstein dairy calves fed with different doses of multispecies probiotics.

Items	Treatment (Trt)¹				SEM	p-Value
	C	T1	T2	T3		Trt	Time	Trt × Time	C × T1	C × T2	C × T3
IgA, μg/ml
WK2	2,608.6^c	2,939.47^bc	3,351.6^ab	3,699.25^a	150.30	<0.01	0.05	0.97	0.27	0.02	<0.01
WK4	2,822.91^b	3,041.56^b	3,445.02^a	3,774.15^a	120.81				0.21	<0.01	<0.01
WK6	3,030.28^c	3,258.77^bc	3,572.28^ab	3,975.74^a	120.78				0.254	0.02	<0.01
WK8	2,984.88^b	3,301.57^ab	3,399.9^ab	3,758.25^a	117.73				0.28	0.17	0.02
IgM, μg/ml
WK2	1,464.23^c	1,719.11^bc	2,118.18^a	1,940.73^ab	83.99	<0.01	<0.01	0.14	0.09	<0.01	<0.01
WK4	1,775.56^b	2,099.36^a	2,126.5^a	2,287.51^a	69.91				0.05	0.03	<0.01
WK6	1,789.02^b	2,153.23^ab	1,988.26^b	2,529.92^a	96.30				0.061	0.27	<0.01
WK8	1,849.23^c	2,058.37^b	2,420^a	2,287.9^a	70.53				0.03	<0.01	<0.01
IgG, mg/ml
WK2	8.72	10.89	12.93	11.48	0.87	<0.01	<0.01	0.21	0.40	0.12	0.29
WK4	9.08^b	13.52^ab	13.71^ab	16.92^a	1.07				0.08	0.07	<0.01
WK6	12.16^b	12.96^b	13.81^b	18.51^a	0.92				0.67	0.39	<0.01
WK8	14.3^b	13.93^b	15.05^b	17.38^a	0.49				0.70	0.44	0.01

^a–cThe values in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05), while values with the same or no superscripts mean no significant difference (p > 0.05).¹Treatments: C, no supplementation (control); T1 = 0.5 g/calf/day; T2 = 1 g/calf/day; T3 = 2 g/calf/day.IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgM, immunoglobulin M; IgG, immunoglobulin G; SEM, standard error of the mean.