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. 2021 Feb 9;117(9):2016–2029. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvab038

Table 1.

Sources of phosphate for valvular and arterial mineralization

Circulating inorganic phosphate (Pi)
Membranous phospholipids
Phospholipid-transporting lipoproteins
Nucleic acids
Purinergic system and pyrophosphate metabolism