Table 1.

Lead spiked soil impacts microbial metabolism and community composition.

Soil Source	Lead treatment	Microbial Effectsa	Reference
Barossa Valley region, South Australia	5000 (4605; 92.1% recovery) mg/kg soil incubated with Pb(NO3)2 for 49 days	(−) Microbial respiration (CO2 evolution) & biomass carbon (+) Gram negative bacteria & Gram positive bacteria (−) Fungi & Actinomycetes	Xu et al., 2018
Highly sodic yet low acidity (pH > 5.5) soils in the Barossa Valley region, South Australia	50 and 5000 mg/kg incubated with Pb(NO3)2 for 7 and 49 days	(−) Microbial activity (basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial functional groups) (−) Microbial community compositions based on the microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis: Greater negative influence on the fungal population than bacteria	Xu et al., 2019
Resembling Mississippi silty clay soil & Delta topsoil (Yazoo silty clay), Mississippi, USA	500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg incubated with Pb(NO3)2 at 18-24°C for 18 months	Selected for Pb resistant nitrite reducers (nirK) Shift in microbial community (−) Community diversity	Sobolev and Begonia, 2008
Uncontaminated soil, Beijing, China	100 & 500 mg Pb/kg incubated with Pb(NO3)2 for 4 weeks	Dominant phyla (all soils): Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria On genus levelb: Firmicutes: (+) Bacillus Bacteroidetes: (+) Adhaeribacter, Pontibacter, Flavisolibacter Alphaproteobacteria: (+) Kaistobacter	Liu et al., 2018
Hangzhou, China	2200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 mg/kg incubated with Pb(NO3)2 at 25°C for 56 days	(−) Biomass C & N, C mineralization, abundance, diversity (−) Metabolism: (+) L-phenylalanine, D-mannitol, α-ketobutyric acid utilization, and (−) Tween40, pyruvic acid methyl-ester, hydroxy butyric acid, Itaconic acid utilization	Akmal et al., 2005

^a(+) or (−) indicates positive or negative correlation to lead concentration, respectively.

^bPhylum classification was provided to each genus.