Table 7.

Selected lead bioreporters and host strains in in vitro experiments and natural environmental samples.

Bacterial Host Strain	Sensor-Reporter Element	Pb2+ Level of Detection (Sensitivity) μM	Other Heavy Metals Detected (Specificity)	Reference
In vitro
Alcaligenes eutrophusa AE2448	pbrRPOΔpbrA::luxd	0.5	N.D.c	Corbisier et al., 1999
Pseudomonas fluorescens OS8	pDNpbrRPpbrAlux	0.9	Hg, Cd, Zn	Ivask et al., 2009
Pseudomonas fluorescens OS8	KnpbrRPpbrAlux	0.2	Hg, Cd, Zn	Ivask et al., 2009
Pseudomonas fluorescens OS8	pDNzntRPzntAlux	0.4	Hg, Cd, Zn	Ivask et al., 2009
Pseudomonas fluorescens OS8	pDNcadRPcadAlux	0.4	Hg, Cd, Zn	Ivask et al., 2009
Staphyloccus aureus RN4220	pTO024f	0.033	Cd, Sb Antimony	Tauriainen et al., 1998
Pseudomonas putida KT2440	pDNPczc1lux	0.9	Zn, Cd	Hynninen et al., 2010
Pseudomonas putida KT2440.2431g	pDNPczc1lux	0.02	Zn, Cd	Hynninen et al., 2010
Escherichia coli MG1655	pZNTlux	0.03	Cd, Zn, Hg, Co, Ni, Sb, Cr	Riether et al., 2001
Environmental samples
BIOMET® Pb biosensor	pbrRPpbrAlux	7 – 404 mg/kg Soil +/− Pb2+ amendmenth		Geebelen et al., 2003
Cupriavidus metallidurans	zntAPlux	1.2 – 4 ng/L Water	N.D.	Zhang et al., 2017
Alcaligenes eutrophusa AE1433	pMOL30::Tn4431b	4036-10469 mg/kg Incinerator fly-ash	Zn, Cd, Co	Corbisier et al., 1996

^aCupriavidus metallidurans (Betaproteobacteria); formally Alcaligenes eutrophus, Wautersia metallidurans, Ralstonia metallidurans)

^bTn4431 inserted 1.4 kb downstream of czc region in cupS gene

^cN.D., not detected

^dPromoter/Operator region of pbrR. Also referenced as AE2450 or BIOMET® (Pb(II); Van der Lelie et al., 2007;)

^eN.A., not available

^fcadA

^gdisrupted chromosomal P-type ATPase (cadA1, cadA2) and CBA transporter (czcCBA1, czcCBA2). Note that Pb2+ did not induce luciferase production in strains with pDNPcadA1lux.

^hBIOMET assay determined Pb(II) concentration