Table 2.
Depression and postpartum weight retention
| Author, year | Measurement time | Measurement tool | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biesmans et al. (2013)[24] | 3 MPP | EPDS | Positive association (P=0.042) |
| Bogaerts et al.[26] (2013) | Pregnancy, 6 MPP | EPDS | 6 MPP: Association (P<0.20) |
| Bogaerts et al.[25] (2017) | 4, 6 WPP | EPDS | 4 WPP: Association (P<0.05) |
| Final analysis: NA | |||
| Collings et al. (2018)[16] | Pregnancy, 12 MPP | EPDS | NA |
| Ertel et al. (2017)[17] | Pregnancy, 6 MPP | EPDS | NA |
| Goldstein et al. (2016)[12] | Delivery, 3 MPP | PHQ2 | Delivery: Positive association (0.88, 95% CI: 0.12-1.64, P=0.02) |
| Gunderson et al. (2008)[27] | 6 MPP | EPDS | 6 MPP and SPPWR: Association (unadjusted OR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.06-3.71, P=0.03). |
| Herring et al. (2008)[10] | Pregnancy, 6 MPP | EPDS | 6 MPP and SPPWR: Association (adjusted OR=2.54, 95%CI: 1.06-6.09) |
| Antenatal: NA | |||
| Huang et al. (2010)[28] | 6 MPP | BDI | Association (F=2.16, P=0.001) |
| Oken et al. (2007)[2] | 6 MPP | EPDS | NA |
| Pedersen et al. (2011)[29] | Pregnancy, 6 MPP | Taken from | Pregnancy and 6 month PPWR: Association (adjusted OR=1.35; 95% CI, 1.27-1.44, P<0.01) |
| Symptoms checklist-92 | Pregnancy and 18 month PPWR: Association (adjusted OR=1.34; 95% CI: 1.24-1.45) | ||
| Phillips et al. (2014)[30] | 3, 6 MPP | EPDS | NA |
| Phillips et al. (2014)[31] | Pregnancy, 3 MPP | EPDS | Pregnancy: NA |
| 3 MPP: Positive association (r=0.15, P<0.05) | |||
| Riazi et al. (2017)[32] | 6 MPP | EPDS | NA |
| Rogers et al. (2016)[18] | 1, 6, 12 MPP | EPDS | NA |
| Salehi-pourmehr et al. (2018)[9] | Pregnancy, 6-8 WPP, 12 MPP | EPDS | First trimester and 12 month PPWR: Association (aMD 3.416; 95% CI: 1.392-5.441, P=0.001) |
| 6-8 WPP and 12 month PPWR: Association (aMD 3.042; 95% CI 0.538-5.547, P=0.018) | |||
| Sha et al. (2019)[33] | 1 MPP | EPDS | NA |
| Siega-Riz et al. (2010)[34] | 3, 12 MPP | EPDS | NA |
| Van poppel et al. (2012)[36] | Pregnancy, 3-5 MPP | CES-D | NA |
| Walker (2009)[37] | Postdelivery, 6 WPP | CES-D | NA |
| 3, 6, 12 MPP | |||
| Wan Noor Fatehah et al. (2019)[39] | 6 MPP | EPDS | NA |
| Whitaker et al. (2014)[38] | 2, 6, 12 MPP | PSI | 6 MPP and 6 month PPWR: Positive association (t=2.122, P=0.037) |
| Zanotti et al. (2015)[40] | 1, 3, 6 MPP | BDI | Positive association |
MPP=Months postpartum, EPDS=Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, WPP=Weeks postpartum, PSI=Parenting stress index, CES-D=Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, BDI=Beck depression inventory, PHQ2=Patient Health Questionnaire-2, NA=No association, aMD=Adjusted mean difference