Fig 1. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells target the M, N, and S proteins in individuals recovered from COVID-19 at their first convalescent visit.

Representative examples of CD4 T-cell responses in CID8 to the M, N, and S protein peptide pools as detected by upregulation of activation-induced markers, Ox40 and PDL1 (A) and by IFNγ in intracellular cytokine staining (B). Responder frequency of CD4 T-cell responses to any SARS-CoV-2 protein and to the M, N, and S proteins individually by AIM (C, N = 26) and ICS (D, N = 21). Positive SARS-CoV-2-specific responses are indicated by gate frequencies in red.