Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| HFpEF (n = 55) | Control (n = 33) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 67.5 (10.9) | 57.2 (10.1) | <0.001 |
| Female (%) | 41 (74.6) | 21 (63.6) | 0.28 |
| Race (%) | |||
| White | 31 (56.4) | 23 (69.7) | 0.11 |
| Black | 24 (43.6) | 9 (27.3) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 37.3 (9.8) | 27.3 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 2.1 (0.3) | 1.9 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| Obesity (%) | 43 (78.2) | 9 (27.3) | <0.001 |
| Smoking (%) | 22 (40) | 8 (24.2) | 0.10 |
| Hypertension (%) | 53 (96.4) | 23 (69.7) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 126.3 (15.8) | 133.3 (19.9) | 0.07 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 70.2 (7.5) | 76.2 (12.5) | 0.02 |
| Hyperlipidaemia (%) | 43 (79.6) | 20 (60.6) | 0.05 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter (%) | 15 (27.8) | 9 (27.3) | 0.96 |
| Diabetes (%) | 33 (60.0) | 5 (15.2) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin A1c, % | 6.8 (1.6) | 5.7 (0.5) | 0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 7 (13.2) | 10 (30.3) | 0.05 |
| Obstructive sleep apnoea (%) | 35 (63.6) | 5 (15.2) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 34 (61.8) | 12 (36.4) | 0.02 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 53.6 (21.1) | 77.4 (20.8) | <0.001 |
| Medications (%) | |||
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 691.9 (1153.9) | N/A | |
| Beta‐blocker | 32 (58.2) | 9 (27.3) | 0.005 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 13 (23.6) | 5 (29.4) | 0.63 |
| ACE inhibitor | 15 (27.3) | 9 (27.3) | >0.99 |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 14 (25.9) | 4 (12.1) | 0.17 |
| Loop diuretic | 50 (90.9) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Thiazide diuretic | 4 (7.3) | 3 (15.8) | 0.36 |
| Statin | 43 (78.2) | 18 (54.6) | 0.02 |
ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; N/A, not available; NT‐proBNP, N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide.
Data reported in mean (SD) or number (percentage).