. 2021 May 3;8(4):2535–2545. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13382

Table 5.

Associations ^a between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle measures and exercise capacity

	NYHA class (II vs. III/IV)		6 m walk distance		Global well‐being score		Exercise time
	β (SE)	P	β (SE)	P	β (SE)	P	β (SE)	P
RV EAT, mm	1.12 (0.97)	0.25	−4.56 (5.51) ^b	0.41	−0.17 (0.05)	0.002	−0.03 (0.04)	0.36
AV groove EAT, mm	−0.01 (0.06)	0.80	−1.18 (1.99)	0.55	−0.01 (0.02)	0.49	0.01 (0.02)	0.49
Liver fat fraction, %	0.34 (0.53)	0.52	2.24 (1.75)	0.20	−0.43 (0.21)	0.04	0.002 (0.02)	0.89
Abdominal VAT, cm²	−0.003 (0.004)	0.44	0.12 (0.17)	0.49	0.002 (0.002)	0.19	0.001 (0.001)	0.38
Abdominal SAT, cm²	−0.002 (0.003)	0.63	0.11 (0.13)	0.41	−0.001 (0.001)	0.92	−0.001 (0.001)	0.23
VAT/SAT ratio	0.30 (0.59)	0.62	0.12 (0.17)	0.49	0.80 (0.48)	0.09	0.34 (0.33) ^b	0.30
Thigh SAT, cm²	−0.56 (0.84) ^b	0.50	−0.17 (0.19) ^b	0.37	0.002 (0.002)	0.39	−0.002 (0.001)	0.25
Thigh IMAT, cm²	1.13 (0.62) ^b	0.07	−0.70 (0.80)	0.38	−0.01 (0.08)	0.44	0.001 (0.01)	0.84
Thigh IMAT FF, %	1.29 (0.65)	0.047	−1.49 (1.39)	0.28	−0.01 (0.01)	0.68	0.001 (0.01)	0.90
Thigh interMF, cm²	−0.58 (0.73)	0.43	0.09 (1.22)	0.94	0.002 (0.01)	0.86	0.007 (0.01)	0.41
Thigh intraMF, cm²	2.46 (0.99)	0.01	−4.08 (1.88)	0.03	0.002 (0.02)	0.93	0.004 (0.01)	0.77
Thigh muscle, cm²	0.002 (0.01)	0.77	0.36 (0.26)	0.18	0.004 (0.003)	0.89	−0.002 (0.003)	0.42
Psoas muscle, cm²	−2.79 (1.93)	0.15	−5.03 (3.45)	0.15	0.02 (0.04)	0.58	−0.03 (0.03)	0.20
Paraspinal muscle, cm²	0.03 (0.060)	0.63	−2.44 (1.97)	0.22	−0.02 (0.31)	0.31	−0.02 (0.01)	0.20

AV, atrioventricular; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; FF, fat fraction; IMAT, intermuscular adipose tissue; interMF, intermuscular fat; intraMF, intramuscular fat; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RV, right ventricular; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; SE, standard error; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.

^{^a}

Analyses are adjusted for age, sex, and body surface area. Positive β coefficients indicate higher values of adipose tissue/skeletal muscle measurement associated with the functional assessment.

^{^b}

Associations significant in unadjusted analyses