Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of advanced HF patients with or without primary endpoint onset
| HF‐noPE group (n = 16) | HF‐PE group (n = 14) | |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical history and risk profile | ||
| Male gender | 14 (88) | 12 (86) |
| Age (years) | 66 [63–70] | 59 [55–65] |
| Body mass index | 24 [23–26] | 23 [21–26] |
| Hypertension | 8 (50) | 10 (71) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (31) | 2 (14) |
| Familiarity for coronary artery disease | 5 (31) | 2 (14) |
| Current smoker | 9 (56) | 9 (64) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 9 (56) | 6 (43) |
| Ischaemic aetiology | 7 (44) | 4 (29) |
| INTERMACS class | 5 [5–5] | 5 [4–6] |
| VO2 max (mL/kg/min) a , *** | 14 [11–18] | 11.4 [10.3–14] |
| BCN Bio‐HF score* | 42 [13.9–78.6] | 25 [11.2–77.9] |
| Treatments | ||
| Furosemide (mg) | 75 [50–100] | 75 [50–120] |
| Beta‐blocker | 15 (94) | 13 (93) |
| ACE‐I | 7 (44) | 8 (57) |
| MRA | 13 (81) | 12 (86) |
| ICD | 15 (94) | 14 (100) |
| CRT | 6 (38) | 5 (36) |
| MitraClip | 4 (25) | 3 (21) |
| Echocardiographic data | ||
| Left ventricular EF (%) | 23.5 [19.5–25.7] | 20 [19.2–24.5] |
| LVEDD (mm) | 63 [60.7–70.2] | 67 [61.7–72.2] |
| RVEDD (mm) | 42 [39.2–49] | 43 [40.2–47.7] |
| Mean E/e′ (n) | 18.5 [15.2–25] | 16.3 [14.1–28.5] |
| Moderate‐to‐severe mitral regurgitation | 12 (75) | 8 (57) |
| Estimated systolic PAP (mmHg) | 49 [45–69.5] | 52.5 [40.5–61.5] |
| TAPSE (mm) | 15.5 [13.5–18] | 16.5 [14.2–19] |
| Haemodynamic variables b | ||
| CI (L/min/m2) | 1.9 [1.8–1.9] | 1.8 [1.7–1.9] |
| Mean WP (mmHg) | 22 [14–26] | 24.5 [16.5–29] |
| Mean PAP (mmHg) | 31 [19–36] | 34.5 [25–45] |
| TPG (mmHg)* | 7 [5–9] | 11.5 [8.2–14.7] |
| PVR (WU) | 2 [1.4–2.6] | 3 [2.22–5.32] |
| Mean RAP (mmHg) | 5 [4–6] | 8.5 [5.5–10] |
| PAPi | 4 [3.1–4.5] | 4 [2.5–5.2] |
| Laboratory values | ||
| Na+ (mmol/L) | 136 [133–138] | 134 [132–138] |
| K+ (mmol/L) | 4.2 [4–4.4] | 4.3 [3.8–4.6] |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.7 [1.3–2.3] | 1.5 [1.2–1.6] |
| MDRD* | 42 [29–54] | 56 [49–65] |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 75 [59–128] | 68 [53–86] |
| Copeptin (pmol/L) | 40.5 [27.3–66.8] | 29 [23–46] |
| High‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (ng/L) | 39 [27.2–60.9] | 30 [15–61.2] |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.7 [0.5–1.4] | 0.9 [0.6–1.1] |
| AST (IU/L) | 19 [16–32] | 20 [16–26] |
| ALT (IU/L) | 18 [9–25] | 12 [9–24] |
| NT‐proBNP (pg/mL) | 5137 [2027–11334] | 3734 [2376–7293] |
| sST2 (ng/mL) | 32 [19–45] | 30 [27–45] |
ACE‐I, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BCN, Barcelona; CI, cardiac index; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; EF, ejection fraction; HF, heart failure; ICD, implantable cardiac defibrillator; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; PAPi, pulmonary artery pulsatility index; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; RAP, right atrial pressure; RVEDD, right ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; sST2, soluble ST2; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TPG, trans‐pulmonary gradient; WP, wedge pressure; WU, Wood units.
Data are presented as median [inter‐quartile range] or number (%).
VO2 max was available in 21 patients.
Right heart catheterization data were available in 23 patients.
Significant differences between HF patients with or without primary endpoint (P < 0.05).
Significant differences between HF patients with or without primary endpoint (P < 0.005).