Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the BIOSTAT‐CHF cohort by stratified by median NLR
| All patients(n = 1,622) | NLR < 3.22 (n = 807) | NLR ≥ 3.22 (n = 815) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 74 ± 10 | 72 ± 11 | 75 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| Female | 536 (33.0) | 300 (37.2) | 236 (29.0) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 562 (34.6) | 269 (33.3) | 293 (36.0) | 0.14 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.1 ± 6.4 | 29.7 ± 6.3 | 28.6 ± 6.4 | 0.001 |
| Clinical profile | ||||
| NYHA class, % | <0.001 | |||
| I | 16 (1.0) | 6 (0.7) | 10 (1.2) | |
| II | 680 (41.9) | 413 (51.2) | 267 (32.8) | |
| III | 713 (44.0) | 326 (40.4) | 387 (47.5) | |
| IV | 212 (13.1) | 61 (7.6) | 151 (18.5) | |
| Duration of HF (years) | 5.3 ± 4.7 | 5.6 ± 4.7 | 5.0 ± 4.7 | 0.017 |
| Ischaemic aetiology of HF | 1,056 (65.1) | 530 (65.7) | 526 (64.5) | 0.64 |
| Systolic blood pressure, (mmHg) | 125 ± 21 | 126 ± 22 | 125 ± 23 | 0.50 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 69 ± 12 | 70 ± 12 | 68 ± 14 | 0.003 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 76 ± 22 | 74 ± 21 | 78 ± 22 | <0.001 |
| Inpatient | 847 (52.2) | 340 (42.1) | 507 (62.2) | <0.001 |
| Elevated jugular venous pressure | 422 (26.0) | 162 (20.1) | 260 (31.9) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary congestion | 661 (40.8) | 252 (31.2) | 409 (50.2) | <0.001 |
| Hepatomegaly | 58 (3.6) | 20 (2.5) | 38 (4.7) | 0.032 |
| Peripheral oedema | 885 (54.6) | 374 (46.3) | 511 (62.7) | <0.001 |
| Echocardiographic measurements | ||||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 41 ± 14 | 40 ± 13 | 41 ± 14 | 0.76 |
| LVEF < 40% | 523 (32.2) | 255 (31.6) | 268 (32.9) | |
| LVEF ≥ 40% | 662 (40.8) | 315 (39.0) | 347 (42.6) | |
| No LVEF available | 437 (26.9) | 237 (29.4) | 200 (24.5) | |
| Past medical history | ||||
| Myocardial infarction | 794 (49.0) | 395 (48.9) | 399 (49.0) | 0.96 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 713 (44.0) | 340 (42.1) | 373 (45.8) | 0.17 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 522 (32.2) | 251 (31.1) | 271 (33.3) | 0.34 |
| Hypertension | 937 (57.8) | 449 (55.6) | 488 (59.9) | 0.09 |
| Device therapy | 0.73 | |||
| Pacemaker | 109 (6.7) | 55 (6.8) | 54 (6.6) | |
| ICD | 65 (4.0) | 28 (3.5) | 37 (4.5) | |
| CRT | 79 (4.9) | 37 (4.6) | 42 (5.2) | |
| Medication | ||||
| ACEI/ARB | 1,148 (70.8) | 613 (76.0) | 535 (65.6) | <0.001 |
| Beta‐blockers | 1,188 (73.2) | 620 (76.8) | 568 (69.7) | 0.001 |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 528 (32.6) | 252 (31.2) | 276 (33.9) | 0.28 |
| Loop diuretics | 1,574 (97.0) | 783 (97.0) | 791 (97.1) | >0.99 |
| Laboratory measurements | ||||
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 111 ± 45 | 102 ± 42 | 118 ± 55 | <0.001 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 8.6 (6.0–11.3) | 8.4 (5.9–11.0) | 8.8 (6.0–11.7) | 0.12 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2) a | <0.001 | |||
| ≥60 | 855 (52.7) | 481 (59.6) | 374 (45.9) | |
| 45–59 | 371 (22.9) | 178 (22.1) | 193 (23.7) | |
| <45 | 393 (24.2) | 145 (18.0) | 248 (30.4) | |
| NT‐proBNP (ng/L) | 1243 (0–2670) | 834 (0–1684) | 2065 (0–4319) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophils (109/L) | 5.4 ± 2.6 | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 6.5 ± 3.0 | <0.001 |
| Lymphocytes (109/L) | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/d) | 15.1 ± 2.7 | 15.8 ± 2.5 | 14.5 ± 2.8 | 0.08 |
| Platelets (109/L) | 245 ± 92 | 236 ± 81 | 253 ± 101 | <0.001 |
ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator.
Bold indicates P < 0.05. Continuous variables reported as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range), and categorical variables as number (percentage).
a
Three patients in NLR < 3.22 group did not have eGFR measured.