Table 2.

NHS costs and utilities

Parameter	NHS cost a	Utility	Cost reference
Medical management
MM inpatient & outpatient	£6430	0.54	Clarke et al. 16
Living with MM > 10 years	£6547	0.54	b
LVAD
LVAD Implantation (incl. device cost)	£91 162	—	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 26
Living with LVAD	£1069	0.72	c
Living with LVAD > 10 years	£13 362	0.72	b
Stroke (ischemic or haemorrhagic) index hospitalization
Stroke mRS 0	£1965	0.68	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 28
Stroke mRS 1	£1965	0.68	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 28
Stroke mRS 2	£2757	0.59	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 28
Stroke mRS 3	£3945	0.59	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 28
Stroke mRS 4	£5594	0.27	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 28
Stroke mRS 5	£7681	0.27	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 28
Stroke mRS 6	£12 656	0.00	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 28
Stroke (ischemic or haemorrhagic) follow up
Stroke mRS 0	£200	0.68	Luengo‐Fernandez et al. 29
Stroke mRS 1	£200	0.68	Luengo‐Fernandez et al. 29
Stroke mRS 2	£200	0.59	Luengo‐Fernandez et al. 29
Stroke mRS 3	£390	0.59	Luengo‐Fernandez et al. 29
Stroke mRS 4	£390	0.27	Luengo‐Fernandez et al. 29
Stroke mRS 5	£592	0.27	Luengo‐Fernandez et al. 29
Pump exchange
Pump thrombus	£91 162	0.69	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 26
VAD failure	£91 162	0.57	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 26
Driveline infection	£7662	0.71	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 28
Gastrointestinal bleed	£6899	0.69	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 28
Right heart failure	£5976	0.69	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 28
RVAD (short‐term device)	£60 975	0.69	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 28
Other important AEs LVAD	£5976	0.72	National Health Service (NHS) England and Improvement 28

AE, adverse events; LVAD, left ventricular assisted device; MM, medical management; mRS, modified Rankin scale; NHS, National Health Service; RVAD, right ventricular assist device.

^a All costs were inflated to March 2019; recovery and stroke follow‐up costs are per month; >10 years costs are to be intended as residual annual costs.

^b NHS heart failure hospitalization cost for cost estimation; event rate post 18 month resource use. ³⁰

^c Wong W, Bottle A. Healthcare utilisation, outcomes and patient pathways for heart failure patients with or without cardiac implantable electronic devices in England. Imperial College London, Medtronic data on file. 2019.