Figure 4.

Volcano plot and network map of proteins significantly different between HFpEF and healthy participants. (A) Volcano plots were constructed with blue dots representing proteins with significantly different relative levels between HFpEF and healthy participants (P < 0.05), and red dots and the gene names of proteins that had significantly different levels with an absolute log₂ fold‐change (FC) > 1. (B) All proteins with significantly different relative levels between HFpEF and healthy participants (P < 0.05), and their log₂ fold‐change (FC), were entered into the String Database (string-db.org). Interrelated proteins are displayed, along with the connection between proteins and groups. Related proteins are shaded a similar colour. The halo around each protein represents the log₂ FC, with blue indicating a relative decrease in protein level in HFpEF participants as compared with healthy participants, and red representing an increase. Although not inclusive, specific clusters of proteins have been enumerated. (C) Enrichment of the top biologic (GO) processes and the false‐discovery rate are listed. AKGDH, alpha‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex; BCAA, branched chain amino acids; BCKDH, branched‐chain alpha‐keto dehydrogenase complex; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase, TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle.